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Selective differentiation between amyloid and connective tissue structures based on the collagen specific topo-optical staining reaction with Congo red

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Summary

There are some difficulties inherent in the identification of amyloid by Congo red anisotropy in the polarisation microscope, mainly because of the possibility of a nonspecific reaction of collageneous structures.

The newly recognized collagen-specific Congo red topooptical staining reaction provides a theoretically well-founded possibility for differentiating between amyloid and collagen. In Canada balsam, or other apolar mounting media the Congo red anisotropy of amyloid as well as that of collagen are of the same (additive) optical sign. In gum arabic however they are of opposite signs, additive for amyloid and inversive for collagen. That difference enables a definite differentiation between amyloid and collagen, since in gum arabic Congo red stained amyloid is positively birefringent, and collagen is isotropic or weakly negatively birefringent.

Pretreatment of the tissue sections with proteolytic enzymes resulted in a decrease in the general background staining of the tissues as well as in an increase of the inversive Congo red staining reaction of collagen and of the additive reaction of amyloid, providing thereby the possibility of differentiating sensitively and selectively between amyloid and collagen by Congo red anisotropy.

Enzymatic removal of the elastic fibers prior to Congo red staining facilitated the exact localisation of senile amyloid deposits in the aortic wall. The initial amyloid deposits were visualized in the smooth muscle cells of the aortic wall. This finding may lead to a new approach to the pathogenesis of senile aortic amyloid.

Zusammenfassung

Es bestehen Schwierigkeiten in der selektiven Differenzierung zwischen Amyloid und Bindegewebsstrukturen durch Kongorot-anisotropie, hauptsächlich wegen der Möglichkeit einer nicht spezifischen Mitreaktion von kollagenen Strukturen.

Die unlängst erkannte kollagenspezifische topooptische Kongorotreaktion ermöglicht eine theoretisch gut begründete Differenzierung von Amyloid und Kollagen.

In Canada Balsam, oder in anderen apolaren Einschlußmedien, ist die Kongorot-Anisotropie von Amyloid und Kollagen desselben optischen (additiven) Characters, wogegen in Gummi arabicum diese vom entgegengesetzten Charakter ist: additiv am Amyloid und inversiv am Kollagen. Dieses optische Verhalten ermöglicht eine klare Differenzierung zwischen Amyloid und Kollagen: da das kongorotgefärbte Amyloid in Gummi arabicum sich als positiv doppelbrechend erweist, kongorotgefärbtes Kollagen dagegen optisch isotrop oder schwach negativ doppelbrechend ist.

Nach Vorbehandlung der Schnitte mit proteolytischen Fermenten (Elastase, Trypsin) ist bei nachträglicher Kongorotfärbung, nebst Herabsetzung der diffusen Färbung des Gewebshintergrundes, sowohl die additive topooptische Reaktion des Amyloids, wie die inversive Kongorotreaktion des Kollagens erhöht. Dadurch ergibt sich ein hochempfindliches und selektives Darstellungsverfahren für Amyloid.

Die enzymatische Herauslösung der elastischen Fasern aus Schnitten der Aortenwand verbesserte bedeutend die Erkennung und Lokalization der Ablagerungen des senilen Amyloids durch Kongorotanisotropie. Es konnte so erkannt werden, daß die initialen Ablagerungen des senilen Aortenamyloids intracytoplasmatisch in den glatten Muskelzellen der Gefäßwand auftreten. Diese Befunde können zur neuen Richtung in der Erforschung der Pathogenese des senilen Aortenamyloids führen.

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Romhányi, G. Selective differentiation between amyloid and connective tissue structures based on the collagen specific topo-optical staining reaction with Congo red. Virchows Arch. Abt. A Path. Anat. 354, 209–222 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00544254

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