Summary
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1.
The effects on catecholamine secretion of activation of protein kinase C and clostridial neurotoxins were examined in digitonin-permeabilized bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
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2.
The enhancement by phorbol esters increased only the initial rate of secretion; later rates were unaffected. This enhancement was present over a wide range of Ca2+ concentrations and was elicited at 18 as well as at 27°C.
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3.
Tetanus toxin inhibited both ATP-dependent and ATP-independent secretion, indicating that the tetanus toxin target is important during the final steps in the pathway.
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4.
Prior activation of protein kinase C by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate rendered the primed state more sensitive to inhibition by tetanus toxin. The data indicate that a phosphorylated protein kinase C substrate is either identical to or closely associated with the tetanus toxin target protein at the final steps in the pathway.
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The interaction between the effect of protein kinase activation and that of tetanus toxin suggests that protein kinase C activation does not stimulate a separate pathway of secretion but, rather, modulates the activity of the ongoing pathway.
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6.
The enhancement of secretion by protein kinase C is caused, at least in part, by a qualitative change in the characteristics of the primed state. This is indicated by the increased sensitivity of primed secretion to inhibition by tetanus toxin and a threefold increase in sensitivity of primed secretion to Ca2+.
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7.
Because activation of protein kinase C does not increase the later rates of secretion that are limited by ATP-dependent priming reactions, it is unlikely that enhancement of the maximal rate of secretion by TPA is due to an increased amount of the primed state. Instead, protein kinase C activation may increase the efficacy with which Ca2+ stimulates secretion at all Ca2+ concentrations.
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Bittner, M.A., Holz, R.W. Protein kinase C and clostridial neurotoxins affect discrete and related steps in the secretory pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 13, 649–664 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711564
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711564