Abstract
Data on the endocrine heart—neurosecretory cells of heart, producing coronarydilatory, metabolically active glycopeptides with physico-chemical and biological properties similar to those of previously discovered cardioactive hypothalamic neurohormones—are summarized. Heart hormones participate in both local and distant regulation of heart metabolism and function. Formation and action of these heart hormones is closely related to hypothalamic cardioactive neurohormones K, C, and G and their protein precursors. Neurohormones from heart and hypothalamus comprise a system of neurohumoral connections between these two organs. A possible role of APUD cells in the generation of a number of heart peptides and glycopeptides exerting hormonal activity is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- NC:
-
Neurohormone C
- NK:
-
Neurohormone K
- NC-H:
-
Hypothalamic NC
- NK-H:
-
Hypothalamic NK
- PC-NC:
-
NC cleaved from protein-carrier
- PC-NK:
-
NK cleaved from protein-carrier
- BB-NC:
-
Brain blood NC
- BB-NK:
-
Brain blood NK
- H1 :
-
Substrate 1 from heart
- H2 :
-
Substrate 2 from heart
- H3 :
-
Substrate 3 from heart
- HB1 :
-
Substrate 1 from heart blood
- HB2 :
-
Substrate 2 from heart blood
- PC-H1 :
-
H1 cleaved from protein-carrier
- PC-H2 :
-
H2 cleaved from protein-carrier
- PC-H3 :
-
H3 cleaved from protein-carrier
- PC-CC:
-
Coronaroconstrictory substance cleaved from protein-carrier
- GPG:
-
Gomori-positive granules
- MLC:
-
Mast-like cells
References
Galoyan, A. A. 1962. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 34:109–111.
Galoyan, A. A. 1963. Izvestia Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 16:3–18.
Galoyan, A. A. 1973. Voprosi Biochim Mozga 8:107–125.
Galoyan, A. A. 1979. Voprosi Biochim. Mozga 13:9–38.
Galoyan, A. A. 1964. Dokl. Acad. Sci., ArmSSR 38:305–308.
Galoyan, A. A., andSrapionian.,R. M. 1983 Neurochem. Res. 8:1511–1535.
Galoyan, A. A., Azaryan, A. V., andBarchudarian, N. A. 1984. Pages 229–236. Proc. of the V-th Meeting of ESN, Akademiai Kiado Press, Hungary.
Galoyan, A. A 1963. Regulation of Neurosecretion and the Hormones of Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System. Yerevan, Doctorate dissert.
Galoyan, A. A. 1964. The Problems of Endocrinology and Hormonotherapy 3:111–118.
Galoyan, A. A. 1965. Some Problems of Biochemistry of Hypothalamic Regulation, “Hajastan” Press, Yerevan, monography.
Srapionian R. M., Sahakian, S. A., Sahakian, F. M., andGaloyan, A. A. 1979. Vopr. Biokhim. Mozga 13:67–78.
Srapionian, R. M., Jambazian, T. A., andGaloyan, A. A. 1970. Vopr. Biokhim. Mozga 6:157–160.
Galoyan, A. A., Gurvitz, B. Y., andPogosian, M. A., 1976. Vopr. Biokhim. Mozga 9:89–96.
Galoyan, A. A., andGurvitz, B. Y. 1977. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 65:173–180.
Galoyan, A. A., Gurvitz, B. Y., Saribekian, G. A., andKirakosova, A. S. 1979. Pages 165–181in Cehovic, G., andRobison, G. (eds.) Cyclic Nucleotides and Therapeutic Perspectives. Pergamon Press.
Misirian, S. S., Srapionian, R. M., Bkheian, M. B., Saribekian, G. A., andGaloyan, A. A. 1979. Biol. J. Armenii 32:397–401.
Galoyan, A. A., andGurvitz, B. Y. 1982. Vestnik Acad. Med. Sci. USSR 9:64–69.
Galoyan, A. A., andRostomian, M. A. 1967. Biol. J. Armenii 20:3–9.
Rostomian, M. A., andGaloyan, A. A. 1971. Biol. J. Armenii 24:24–30.
Abrahamina, S. S., andGaloyan, A. A. 1982. Biol. J. Armenii 35:606–611.
Abrahamian, S. S. andGaloyan, A. A. 1983. Biol. J. Armenii 35:92–96.
Galoyan, A. A. 1973. Page 71 in the Proceedings of the II-nd All-Union Meeting of Cardiologs, Moscow.
Srapionian, R. M., andGaloyan, A. A. 1973. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 56:174–177.
Misirian, S. S., Srapionian, R. M., Medvedev, F. A., andGaloyan, A. A. 1979. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 69:290–294.
Misirian, S. S., Srapionian, R. M., Sarkisian, R.SH., Karapetian, R. H., andGaloyan, A. A. 1979. Biol. J. Armenii 35:706–709.
Misirian, S. S., Abelian, J. G., Srapionian, R. M., andGaloyan, A. A. 1979. Biol. J. Armenii 32:470–472.
Galoyan, A. A. 1978. Ergebnisse der Experimentallen Medizin 29:99–115.
Galoyan, A. A., andAlexanian, R. A. 1963. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 37:157–160.
Mikaelian, A. L., Galoyan, A. A., Sherdukalova, L. F., Manasian, L. A., andAdamian, K. G. 1973. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 57:58–63.
Parsadanian, G. K., Abelian, J. G., andGaloyan, A. A. 1978. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 64:164–167.
Galoyan, A. A., Ohanian, M. V., andGevorkian, G. G. 1971. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 53:254–256.
Ohanian, M. V., Galoyan, A. A., andKarapetian, R. H. 1972. Biol. J. Armenii 25:17–20.
Srapionian, R. M., andGaloyan, A. A. 1973. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 56:174–177.
Srapionian, R. M., Misirian, S. S., andGaloyan, A. A. 1975. Vopr. Biochim. Mozga 10:122–128.
Galoyan, A. A., Srapionian, R. M., andMedvedev, F. A. 1978. Dokl. Acad. Sci. ArmSSR 66:302–306.
Bompiani, G. D., Rouiller, C., andHatt, R. Y. 1959. Arch. Mal. Coeur Vaiss 52: 1257–1262.
Jamieson, J. D., andPalade, G. E. 1964. J. Cell. Biol. 23:151–172.
Palade, C. E. 1961. Anat. Res. 139:262.
De Bold, A. 1979. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 170:133–138.
De Bold, A., Borenstein, H. B., Veress, A. T., andSonnenberg, H. 1981. Life Sci. 28:89–94.
Currie, M. G., Geller, D. M., Cole, B. R., Boylan, J. G., Yusheng, W., Holmberg, S. W., andNeedelman, P. 1983. Science 221:71–73.
Flynn, T. G., De Bold, M. L., andDe Bold, A. V. 1983. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 117:859–865.
Geller, D. M., Currie, M. G., Wakitani, K., Cole, B. R., Adams, S. P., Fok, K. F., Siegel, N. R., Galluppi, G. R., andNeedelman, P. 1984. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120:333–338.
Atlas, S. A., Klrinert, H. D., Camargo, M. S., Januszcwicz, A., Sealey, N. E., Laragh, J. H., Shilling, J. W., Lewick, J. A., Johnson, L. K., andMaack, T. 1984. Nature 309:717–719.
Kangawa, K., andMatsuo, H 1984. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 118:131–139.
Kennedy, B. P., Marsden, J. J., Flynn, T. G., De Bold, A. J., andDavies, P. L. 1984. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122:1076–1082.
Seidman, C. E., Duby, A. D., Choi, E., Graham, R. M., Haber, E., Homcy, C., Smith, J. A., andSeidman J. A. 1984. Science 225:324–326.
Yamanaka, M., Greenberg, B., Johnson, L., Seilhamer, J., Brewer, M., Friedemann, T., Muller, J., Atlas, S., Laragh, J., Zeweiki, N., andFiddes, J., 1984. Nature 309:719–724.
Nakayama, K., Ohkubo, H., Hirose, T., Inayama, S., andNakamashi, S., 1984. Nature 310:699–701.
Tanaka, J., Misono, K. C., andInagami, T. 1984. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124:663–668.
Jacobowitz, D. M., Skofitsch, G., Keiser, H. R., Skuy, R. Z., andZamiz, N. 1985. Neuroendocrinology 40:92–103.
Tremblay, J., Gerrer, R., Vinay, P., Pang, S. C., Beliveau, andHamet, P. 1985. FEBS Letters 181:17–22.
Napier, M. A. et al., 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5946–5950.
Sonnenberg, H., andVaress, A. T. 1984. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124:443–449.
Yunge, L., Ballak, M., Beuzeron, J., Lacasse, J., andCantin, M. 1980. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58:1463–1476.
Cantin, M., Gutkowska, J., Thibault, G., Milne, R. W., Ledoux, S. et al. 1984 Histochemistry 80:113–127.
Forssman, W. G., Hock, D. et al. 1983. Anat. and Embryol. 168:307–313.
Hickling, M. Y.. et al. 1976. Experientia 32:554–555.
Pearse, A. G. 1968. Proc. Roy. Soc.B. 170:71–80.
Pearse, A. G. 1969. J. Histochem. and Cytochem. 17:303–313.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galoyan, A. Neuroendocrine heart and hypothalamus. Neurochem Res 11, 769–787 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965203
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965203