Abstract
A semi-automatic method was developed to determine the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) commissures on brain single-photon emission tomographic (SPET) perfusion images, and then to draw the proportional anatomical Talairach's grid on each axial SPET image. First, the AC-PC line was defined on SPET images from the linear regression of four internal landmarks (frontal pole of the brain, inferior limit of the anterior corpus callosum, sub-thalamic point and occipital pole). Second, the SPET position of AC and PC points on the AC-PC line was automatically determined from measurements made on hard copies of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the patients. Finally, a proportional Talairach's grid was automatically drawn on each axial SPET image. To assess the accuracy of localization of AC and PC points, co-registered technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime SPET and MR images from 11 subjects were used. The mean displacements between estimated points on SPET and true points on MRI (Δx=sagittal, Δy=frontal and Δz=axial displacement) were calculated. The mean displacements (in mm) were Δx=−1.4±1.8, Δy=−1.7±3.3 and Δz=−1.1±2.5 for AC, and Δx=−1.8±1.8, Δy=0.3±3.2 and Δ=−1.3±2.7 for PC. These displacements represented an error of less than 5 mm at the anterior or posterior pole of the brain or at the vertex. Intra- and inter-observer comparisons did not reveal significant differences in mean displacements. Thus, this semi-automatic method results in reproducible and accurate stereotactic localization of SPET perfusion abnormalities. This method can be used routinely for repeat follow-up studies in the same subject as well as in different individuals without requiring SPET MRI co-registration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mazziotta J, Pelizzari C, Chen G, Bookstein F, Valentino D. Region of interest issues: the relationship between structure and function in the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991; 11: A51-A56.
Pelizzari C, Chen G, Spelbring D, Weichselbaum R, Chen C. Accurate three-dimensional registration of CT, PET, and/or MR images of the brain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989; 13: 20–26.
Shukla SS, Honeyman JC, Crosson B, Williams CM, Nadeau SE. Method for registering brain SPET and MR images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16: 966–970.
Mangin J, Frouin V, Block I, Bendriem B, Lopez-Krake J. Fast-non supervised 31) registration of PET and MR images of the brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14:749–762.
Ichise M, Toyama H, Vines DC, Chung DG, Kirsh JC. Neuro-anatomical localization for clinical SPET perfusion brain imaging: a practical proportional grid method. Nucl Med Commun 1992; 13: 861–866.
Minoshima S, Koeppe R, Frey K, Ishihara M, Kuhl D. Stereotactic PET atlas of human brain: aid for visual interpretation of functional brain images. J Nucl Med 1994; 35: 949–954.
Talairach J, Tournoux P.Coplanar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme, 1988.
Talarach J, Tournoux P.Referentially oriented cerebral MRI anatomy. Atlas of stereotaxic anatomical correlation for gray and white matter. New York: Thieme, 1993.
Latchaw R, Lunsford L, Kennedy W. Reformatted imaging to define the intercommissural line for CT-guided stereotaxic functional neurosurgery.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1985; 50: 429–433.
Steinmetz H, Fürst G, Freund H. Cerebral cortical localization: application and validation of the proportional grid system in MR imaging.J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989; 13: 10–19.
Fox P, Perlmutter J, Raichle M. A stereotactic method of anatomical localization for positron emission tomography.J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985; 9: 141–153.
Véra P, Habert M, Landré E, Munari C, Chauvel P, Devaux B, Turak B, Chassoux F, Ghossub M, Missir O, Askienazy S. Interictal brain SPET in frontal epilepsy: correlation with stereo-electroencephalography.Nucl Med Commun 1995; 16: 591–598.
Friston K, Passingham R, Nutt J, Heather J, Sawle G, Frackowiak R. Localisation in PET images: direct fitting of the intercommissural (AC-PC) line.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9: 690–695.
Minoshima S, Koeppe RA, Mintun MA, Berger KL, Taylor SF, Frey KA, Kuhl DE. Automated detection of the intercommissural line for stereotactic localization of functional brain images.J Nucl Med 1993; 34: 322–9.
Evans A, Marett S, Neelin P, Collins L, Worsley K, Dai W, Milot S, Meyer E, Bub D. Anatomical mapping of functional activation in stereotactic coordinate space.Neuro Image 1992; 1: 43–63.
Migneco O, Darcourt J, Benoliel J, Martin F, Robert P, Bussiere-Lapalus F, Mena I. Computerized localization of brain structures in single photon emission computed tomography using a proportional anatomical stereotactic atlas.Comput Med Imaging Graph 1994; 18: 413–422.
Tokunaga A, Takase M, Otaki K. The glabella-inion line as a baseline for CT scanning of the brain.Neuroradiology 1977; 17: 400–406.
Steinmetz H, Fürst G, Freund H. Variation of perisylvian and calcarine anatomic landmarks within stereotaxic proportional coordinates.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11: 1123–1130.
Thurfjell L, Bohm C, Greitz T, Eriksson L, Ingvar M. Accuracy and precision in image standardization in intra- and intersubject comparisons. In: Thatcher R, Hallett M, Zeffiro T, Roy John E, Huerta M, eds.Functional neuroimaging. San Diego: Academic Press; 1994: 121–130.
Chabriat H, Levasseur M, Vidailhet M, Loc'h C, Maziere B, Bourguignon M, Bonnet A, Zilbovicius M, Raynaud C, Agid Y, Syrota A, Samson Y. In-vivo SPET imaging of D2 receptor with iodine-iodolisuride: results in supranuclear palsy.J Nucl Med 1992; 33: 1481–1485.
Grangeat P, Guillemaud R, Rizo P, Sauze R, Donner Q, Gorius J. Cone-beam SPET with a tilted detector.Comput Med Imaging Graph 1993; 17:279–287.
Evans A, Beil C, Marrett S, Thompson CJ, Hakin A. Anatomical-functional correlation using an adjustable MRI-based region of interest atlas with positron emission tomography.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988; 8: 513–530.
Mountz J, Zhang B, Liu H, Inampudi C. A reference method for correlation of anatomic and functional brain images: validation and clinical application.Semin Nucl Med 1994; 24: 256–271.
Stollberger R, Fazekas F, Payer F, Flooh E. Morphology-oriented analysis of cerebral SPET using matched magnetic resonance images.Nucl Med Commun 1995; 16:265–272.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Véra, P., Farman-Ara, B., Stiévenart, JL. et al. Proportional anatomical stereotactic atlas for visual interpretation of brain SPET perfusion images. Eur J Nucl Med 23, 871–877 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01084359
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01084359