Summary
The islets of Langerhans isolated from diabetic chinese hamsters had low insulin content, secreted less insulin and incorporated leucine-14C into the insulin fraction at a slower rate than the controls. Livers of these animals were heavier and contained normal levels of glycogen, and of soluble and microsomal proteins. The activities of eight hepatic enzymes were assayedin vitro in three age groups of animals. The diabetic hamster livers showed higher activity in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and an elevation in glucose-6-phosphatase was also observed in the three month old diabetic animals. Studies on hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, glucokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities showed no significant change in the non-ketotic, diabetic hamsters, which, however, incorporated pyruvate-2-14C into blood glucose at a much faster rate. The ketotic hamsters had low activity of glycolytic and pentose phosphate shunt enzymes and high gluconeogenic enzyme activity. There also appeared to be a slight difference in the activity of these enzymes between offsprings of ketotic parents and their controls.
Résumé
Les îlots de Langerhans isolés, provenant de hamsters chinois diabétiques, présentent un contenu du pancréas diminué en insuline, une sécrétion abaissée d'insuline et une incorporation plus lente de14C-leucine dans la fraction insulinique que les animaux témoins. Le poids du foie de ces animaux est plus élevé et contient des taux normaux de glycogène ainsi que des protéines solubles et microsomales. On a étudiéin vitro les activités de 8 enzymes hépatiques chez trois groupes d'âge de ces animaux. Le foie des hamsters diabétiques montre une activité augmentée de la phosphoénolepyruvate carboxy-kinase ainsi qu'une élévation de la glucose-6-phosphatase chez les animaux diabétiques âgés de 3 mois. L'étude des activités de la fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, de la gluco-kinase, de l'hexokinase, de la pyruvate-kinase, de la 6-phosphogluconate déhydrogénase et de la lactate déhydrogénase dans le foie n'a pas révélé de modifications significatives chez le hamster diabétique non-cétosique, dont, cependant, l'incorporation du pyruvate-2-14C dans le glucose sanguin s'effectue beaucoup plus rapidement. Chez le hamster cétosique, les activités des enzymes de la glycolyse et du cycle des pentoses sont abaissées, alors que celle de la gluconéogénèse est augmentée. Il semble qu'il existe aussi une petite différence dans l'activité de ces enzymes entre les animaux provenant de parents cétosiques et les animaux témoins.
Zusammenfassung
Aus dem Pankreas diabetiseher chinesischer Hamster isolierte Langerhans'sche Inseln enthielten und sezernierten weniger Insulin und inkorporierten weniger Leucin-14C in eine dem Insulin entsprechende Trennungsfraktion als die Kontrolltiere. Die Lebern dieser diabetischen Tiere waren schwerer als diejenigen von Kontrolltieren, enthielten aber pro Gewichtseinheit normale Mengen von Glykogen, löslichen und mikrosomialen Proteinen. In von chinesischen Hamstern dreier Altersgruppen gewonnenen Leberextrakten wurden 8 für den Glukosestoffwechsel wichtige Enzyme quantitativ bestimmt. Bei diabetischen Tieren war die Aktivität der Phosphoenolpyruvatkarboxykinase und der Glucose-6-Phosphatase erhöht. Bei nicht ketotischen diabetischen Hamstern waren die Aktivitäten der Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase, der Glucokinase, der Hexokinase, der Pyruvatkinase, der 6-Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase und der Lactat-Dehydrogenase gegenüber der Norm nicht verändert. Trotzdem inkorporierten diese Tiere signifikant mehr Pyruvat-2-14C in Blutglukose als Normaltiere. Bei ketotisch diabetischen Hamstern waren die Aktivitäten der Enzyme der Glucolyse und des Pentose-Shunts vermindert und diejenigen der Enzyme der gluconeogenetischen Kette erhöht. Qualitativ ähnliche aber quantitativ weniger ausgeprägte Unterschiede wurden zwischen noch nicht diabetischen Nachkommen ketotisch-diabetischer Eltern und deren gleichaltrigen Kontrollen gefunden.
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Chang, A.Y., Schneider, D.I. Metabolic abnormalities in the pancreatic islets and livers of the diabetic chinese hamster. Diabetologia 6, 180–185 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01212227
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01212227