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The amygdala

Emotions and gut functions

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Abstract

Studies are reviewed that indicate that the amygdala, and its temporal lobe pathways connecting it with entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, modulates the effects of stressful conditions on the development of gastric pathology. The amygdala integrates aversive stimulus conditions with the defensive behaviors and visceral reactions seen under such circumstances. The transmitter mechanisms for these effects include dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalins, and endorphins. Recording data also show that distinct neural “signatures” in this temporal lobe region correlate with the vulnerability to stressful experiences. The efficacy of synaptic transmission, as represented by potentiation or suppression of recorded neuronal responses, is an indication of coping adjustments, ie, habituation or behavioral helplessness. Glutamate receptors in this brain region, activated byN-methyl-d-aspartate, are implicated in these behavioral strategies. It is proposed that the neurophysiology of these limbic system structures produces individual differences in stress ulcer severity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Laboratory, St. Francis Xavier University, B2G 1C0, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Peter G. Henke, Arunabha Ray & Ronald M. Sullivan

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, India

    Peter G. Henke, Arunabha Ray & Ronald M. Sullivan

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Peter G. Henke, Arunabha Ray & Ronald M. Sullivan

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  1. Peter G. Henke
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Supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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Henke, P.G., Ray, A. & Sullivan, R.M. The amygdala. Digest Dis Sci 36, 1633–1643 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01296409

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