Abstract
Microbial manganese oxidation in seawater was carried out in enrichment cultures which were obtained from the seawater supply system at the Marine Science Museum, Tokai University (Shimizu-shi, Japan). The manganese oxide formed was well-crystallized todorokite. The major element composition was within the range of marine manganese concretions and the O/Mn molar ratio was 1.8. The conditions for formation of manganese oxide minerals in marine environments are discussed on the basis of these results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bricker, O. (1965): Some stability relations in the system Mn-O2-H2O at 25°C and one atmosphere total pressure. Amer. Mineral.,50, 1296–1354.
Bromfield, S.M. (1956): Oxidation of manganese by soil microorganisms. Aust. J. Biol. Sci.,9, 238–252.
Bromfield, S.M. and D.J. David (1978): Properties of biologically formed manganese oxide in relation to soil manganese. Aust. J. Soil Res.,16, 79–89.
Burns, R.G. and V.M. Burns (1975): Mechanism for nucleation and growth of manganese nodules. Nature,255, 130–131.
Burns, R.G., V.M. Burns and H.W. Stockman (1983): A review of the todorokite-buserite problem: implications to the mineralogy of marine manganese nodules. Amer. Mineral.,68, 972–980.
Buser, W., P. Graf and W. Feitknecht (1954): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Mangan (II)-manganite und desδ-MnO2. Helv. Chim. Acta,37, 2322–2333.
Calvert, S.E. and N.B. Price (1977): Geochemical variation in ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the Pacific Ocean. Mar. Chem.,5, 43–74.
Chapnick, S.D., W.S. Moore and K.H. Nealson (1982): Microbially mediated manganese oxidation in a fresh water lake. Limnol. Oceanogr.,27, 1004–1014.
Corliss, J.B., M. Lyle, J. Dymond and K. Crane (1978): The chemistry of hydrothermal mounds near the Galapagos Rift. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts.,40, 12–24.
Cronan, D.S. (1980): Underwater Minerals. Academic Press, London, 362 pp.
Dubinina, G.A. (1980): The role of microorganisms in the formation of the recent iron-manganese lacustrine ores. p. 305–326.In: Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese, Vol. 3, Manganese on the Bottom of Recent Basins, ed. by I.M. Varentsov and Gy. Grasselly, E. Schweizerbartische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Dymond, J., M. Lyle, B. Finny, D.Z. Piper, K. Murphy, R. Conard and N. Pisias (1984): Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R.—Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,48, 931–949.
Edenborn, H.M., Y. Paquin and G. Chateauneuf (1985): Bacterial contribution to manganese oxidation in a deep coastal sediment. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.,21, 801–815.
Edmond, J.M., C. Measures, B. Mangum, B. Grant, F.R. Sclater, R. Collier, A. Hudson, L.I. Gordon and J.B. Corliss (1979): On the formation of metal-rich deposits at ridge crests. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts.,46, 19–30.
Edmond, J.M., K.L. Von Damm, R.E. McDuff and C.I. Measures (1982): Chemistry of hot springs in the East Pacific Rise and their effluent dispersal. Nature,297, 187–191.
Ehrlich, H.L. (1963): Bacteriology of manganese nodules, I. Bacterial action on manganese in nodule enrichments. Appl. Microbiol.11, 15–19.
Ehrlich, H.L. (1968): Bacteriology of manganese nodules, II. Manganese oxidation by cell-free extract from a manganese nodule bacterium. Appl. Microbiol.,16, 197–202.
Ehrlich, H.L. (1981): Geomicrobiology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 393 pp.
Ehrlich, H.L. (1983): Manganese-oxidizing bacteria from a hydrothermally active area on the Galapagos Rift. p. 357–366.In: Environmental Biogeochemistry, ed. by R. Hallberg, Ecol. Bull. Vol. 35, Stockholm.
Ehrlich, H.L., W.C. Ghiorse and G.L. Johnson (1972): Distribution of microbes in manganese nodules from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Devel. Ind. Microbiol.,13, 57–65.
Emerson, S., S. Kalhorn and L. Jacobs (1982): Environmental oxidation rate of manganese (II): bacterial catalysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,46, 1073–1079.
Froelich, P.N., G.P. Klinkhammer, M.L. Bender, N.A. Luedtke, G.R. Heath, D. Cullen, P. Dauphin, D. Hammond, B. Hartman and V. Maynard (1979): Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,43, 1075–1090.
Gattow, G. (1961): The chemical analysis of natural and artificial manganese dioxides. Batterien,15, 163–166.
Ghiorse, W.C. (1984): Biology of iron- and manganese-depositing bacteria. p. 515–550.In: Annual Review of Microbiology, Vol. 38, ed. by L.N. Ornston, A. Balow and P. Baumann, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto.
Ghiorse, W.C. and P. Hirsch (1982): Isolation and properties of ferromanganese-depositing budding bacteria from Baltic Sea ferromanganese concretions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,43, 1464–1472.
Giovanoli, R., E. Stähli and W. Feitknecht (1970a): Über Oxidhydroxide des vierwertigen Mangans mit Schichtengitter. 1. Mitteilung: Natriummangan (II, III) manganat (IV). Helv. Chim. Acta,53, 209–220.
Giovanoli, R., E. Stähli and W. Feitknecht (1970b): Über Oxidhydroxide des vierwertig Mangans mit Schichtengitter. 2. Mitteilungen: Mangan (III)-manganat (IV). Helv. Chim. Acta,53, 453–464.
Hastings, D. and S. Emerson (1986): Oxidation of manganese by spores of a marine bacillus: Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,50, 1819–1824.
Heggie, D., D. Kahn and K. Fischer (1986): Trace metals in metalliferous sediments, MANOP Site M: interfacial pore water profiles. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts.,80, 106–116.
Hem, J.D. (1980): Redox coprecipitation mechanisms of manganese oxides. p. 45–72.In: Particles in Water, ed. by M.C. Kavanaugh and J.O. Leckie, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Hem, J.D. and C.J. Lind (1983): Nonequilibrium models for predicting forms of precipitated manganese oxides. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,47, 2037–2046.
Jannasch, H.W. and C.O. Wirsen (1981): Morphological survey of microbial mats near deep-sea thermal vents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,41, 528–538.
Klinkhammer, G., M.L. Bender and R.F. Weiss (1977): Hydrothermal manganese in the Galapagos Rit. Nature,269, 319–320.
Lalou, C., E. Brichet, C. Jehanno and H. Perez-Leclaire (1983): Hydrothermal manganese oxide deposits from Galapagos mounds, DSDP Leg 70, hole 509B and “Alvin” dives 729 and 721. Earth Planet. Sci. Letts.,63, 63–75.
Lonsdale, P., V.M. Burns and M. Fisk (1980): Nodules of hydrothermal birnessite in the caldera of a young seamount. J. Geol.,88, 611–618.
McKenzie, R.M. (1971): The synthesis of birnessite, cryptomelane, and some other oxides and hydroxides of manganese. Min. Mag.,38, 493–502.
Moorby, S.A., D.S. Cronan and G.P. Glasby (1984): Geochemistry of hydrothermal Mn-oxide deposits from the S.W. Pacific island arc. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,48, 433–441.
Murray, J.W., L.S. Balistrieri and B. Paul (1984): The oxidationstate of manganese in marine sediments and ferromanganese nodules. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,48, 1237–1247.
Murray, J.W., J.G. Dillard, R. Giovanoli, H. Moers and W. Stumm (1985): Oxidation of Mn (II): Initial mineralogy, oxidation state and ageing. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,49, 463–470.
Nealson, K.H. (1978): The isolation and characterization of manganese bacteria which catalyze manganese oxidation. p. 847–858.In: Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology, Vol. 3: Methods, Metals and Assessment, ed. by W.E. Krumbein, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor.
Quinby-Hunt, M.S. and K.K. Turekian (1983): Distribution of elements in seawater. EOS,64, 130–131.
Rosson R.A., and K.H. Nealson (1982): Manganese binding and oxidation by spores of a marine bacillus. J. Bacteriol.,151, 1027–1034.
Rosson, R.A., B.M. Tebo, and K.H. Nealson (1984): Use of poisons in determination of microbial manganese binding rates in seawater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,47, 740–745.
Sato, Y., H. Matsumoto, S. Okabe and N. Takematsu (1984): The oxidation rate constant and the residence time of manganese in seawater pumped from underground. La mer,22, 241–247.
Schütt, C. and J.C.G. Ottow (1978): Distribution and identification of manganese-precipitating bacteria from noncontaminated ferromanganese nodules. p. 869–878.In: Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology, Vol. 3: Methods, Metals and Assessment, ed. by W.E. Krumbein, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor.
Takematsu, N., Y. Sato and S. Okabe (1981): The partition of minor transition metals between manganese oxides and seawater. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,37, 193–197.
Takematsu, N., Y. Sato and S. Okabe (1983): Metalorganic complexes in seawater pumped up from under the ground. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan,39, 305–309.
Takematsu, N., Y. Sato and S. Okabe (1984): The formation of todorokite and birnessite in sea water pumped from under ground. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,48, 1099–1106.
Taylor, R.M., R.M. McKenzie, and K. Norrish (1964): The mineralogy and chemistry of manganese in some Australian soils. Aust. J. Soil Res.,2, 235–248.
Tebo, B.M., K.H. Nealson, S. Emerson and L. Jacobs (1984): Microbial mediation of Mn (II) and Co (II) precipitation at the O2/H2S interfaces in two anoxic fjords. Limnol. Oceanogr.,29, 1247–1258.
Tejedor-Tejedor, M.I. and E. Paterson (1979): Reversibility of lattice collapse in synthetic buserite. p. 501–508.In: Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, ed. by M.M. Mortland and V.C. Farmer, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdum.
Tipping, E., D.W. Thompson and W. Davison (1984): Oxidation products of Mn (II) in lake waters. Chem. Geol.,44, 359–383.
Tyler, P.A. and K.C. Marshall (1967): Microbial oxidation of manganese in hydro-electric pipelines. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,33, 171–183.
Usui, A. (1983/1984): Regional variation of manganese nodule facies on the Wake-Tahiti transect: Morphological, chemical and mineralogical study. Mar. Geol.,54, 27–51.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takematsu, N., Kusakabe, H., Sato, Y. et al. Todorokite formation in seawater by microbial mediation. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan 44, 235–243 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02303427
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02303427