Abstract
Several morphological characteristics differed when wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Doha 88) was grown under a cool (10 °C), warm (20 °C), and hot (30 °C) regime. Development of leaves was linearly related to shoot meristem temperature, and the time between appearance of successive leaves on the main culm was independent of growth temperature. Area and dry mass of leaves and roots increased exponentially with time, and variations between growth temperature regimes were reduced when plants were compared at a similar developmental age. In isolated thylakoids thermal stability of photosystem 2 and of whole electron transport chain was enhanced with the increase in growth temperature. Therefore this cultivar is able to acclimate to contrasting temperature regimes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, J.F., Holmes, N.G.: Electron transport and redox titrations.—In: Hipkins, M.F., Baker, N.R., (ed.): Photosynthetic Energy Transduction. Pp. 103–141. IRL Press, Oxford 1986.
Arnon, D.I.: Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase inBeta vulgaris.—Plant Physiol.24: 1–15, 1949.
Bagga, A.K., Rawson, H.M.: Contrasting responses of morphologically similar wheat cultivars to temperature appropriate to warm climates with hot summers: A study in controlled environment.—Aust. J. Plant Physiol.6: 877–887, 1977.
Baker, C.K., Callagher, J.N., Monteith, J.L.: Daylength change and leaf appearance in winter wheat.—Plant Cell Environ.3: 285–287, 1980.
Baker, J.T., Pinter, P.J., Jr., Reginato, R.J. Kanemasu, E.E.: Effect of temperature on leaf appearance in spring and winter wheat cultivars.—Agron. J..78: 605–613, 1986
Bhullar, S.S., Jenner, C.P.: Responses to brief periods of elevated temperatures in ears and grains of wheat.—Aust. J. Plant Physiol.10: 549–560, 1983.
Chowdhury, S.I., Wardlaw, I.F.: The effect of temperature on kernel development in cereals.—Aust. J. agr. Res.29: 205–223, 1987.
Clarkson, D.T., Earnshaw, M.J., White, P.J., Cooper, H.D.: Temperature dependent factors influencing nutrient uptake: an analysis of responses at different levels of organization.—In: Long, S.P., Woodward, F.I. (ed.) Plants and Temperature. Pp. 281–309. Company of Biologists, Cambridge 1989.
Haun, J.R.: Visual quantification of wheat development.—Agron. J..65: 116–119, 1973.
Johnson, C.H., Stout, P.R., Broyer, T.C., Carlton, A.B.: Comparative chlorine requirements of different plant species.—Plant Soil.8: 337–353, 1957.
Kirby, E.J.M., Appleyard, M., Fellowes, G.: Effect of sowing date on the temperature response of leaf emergence and leaf size in barley.—Plant Cell Environ.5: 477–484, 1982.
Klepper, B., Belford, R.K., Rickman, R.W.: Root and shoot development in winter wheat.—Agron. J.76: 117–122, 1984.
Leegood, R.c., Malkin, R.: Isolation of sub-cellular photosynthetic systems.—In: Hipkins, M.F., Baker, N.R. (ed.) Photosynthetic Energy Transduction. Pp. 9–26. IRL Press, Oxford 1986.
Masle, J., Doussinault, G., Farquhar, G.D., Sun, B.: Foliar stage in wheat correlates better to photothermal time than to thermal time.—Plant Cell Environ.12: 235–247, 1989.
Ong, C.K.: Responses to temperature in a stand of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides S. & H.). I. Vegetative development.—J. exp. Bot.34: 322–336, 1983.
Quinn, P.J., Williams, W.P.: Environmentally induced changes in chloroplast membranes and their effect on photosynthetic function.—In: Barker, J., Baker, N.R. (ed.) Photosynthetic Mechanisms and the Environment. Pp. 1–47, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985.
Radley, M.: Factors affecting grain enlargement in wheat.—J. exp. Bot29: 919–934, 1978.
Rooney, J.M., Brain, P., Loh, S.Y.: The influence of temperature on leaf production and vegetative growth ofAvena fatua L..—Ann. Bot.64: 469–479, 1989.
Santarius, M.: Sites of heat sensitivity inb chloroplasts and differential inactivation of cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylatioin by heating.—J. thermal Biol.1: 101–107, 1975.
Sayed, O.H.: Photosynthetic acclimation to high temperature in wheat.—Acta bot. neerl.41: 299–304, 1992.
Sayed, O.H., Earnshaw, M.J., Emes, M.J.: Photosynthetic responses of different varieties of wheat to high temperature. II. Effect of heat stress on photosynthetic electron transport.—J. exp. Bot.40: 633–638, 1989b.
Sofield I., Evans, L.T., Cook, M.G., Wardlaw, I.F.: Factors influencing the rate and duration of grain filling in wheat.—Aust. J. Plant Physiol.4: 785–797, 1977.
Stidham, M.A., Uribe, E.G., Williams, G.J.: Temperature dependence of photosynthesis inAgropyron smithii Rydb. II. Contribution from electron transport and photophosphorylation.—Plant Physiol.69: 929–934, 1982.
Warrington, I.J., Kanemasu, E.T.: Corn growth responses to temperature and photoperiod. II. Leaf initiation and leaf appearance rates.—Agron. J.75: 755–761, 1983.
Weis, E.: Ingluence of light on the heat sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in isolated spinach chloroplasts.—Plant Physiol.70: 1530–1534 1982.
White, P.J., Cooper, H.D., Earnshaw, M.J., Clarkson, D.T.: Effect of low temperature on the development and morphology of rye (Secale cereale) and wheat (Triticum aestivum).—Ann. Bot.66: 559–566, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sayed, O.H. Effects of temperature on growth, morphology, and photosynthesis in wheat. Biol Plant 37, 49–55 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912997
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02912997