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High export of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from an Alpine glacier (Indren Glacier, NW Italian Alps)

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Abstract

Mountain glaciers can export large amounts of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) to downstream aquatic ecosystems. To date, however, the number of studies that analysed concentrations and fluxes of N forms and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from glaciers in the European Alps and worldwide is limited, given the high complexity of data gathering in harsh high-elevation environments. In this work, we rely upon new, unexploited data from field campaigns pursued during 2012–2015 at high elevations (> 3000 m a.s.l.) of the Indren Glacier (NW Italian Alps) to (1) develop glacio-hydrological modelling and stream flow estimates within a heavily glacier-fed catchment, (2) provide N forms and DOC concentrations and estimated fluxes in meltwater, and (3) provide possible explanations of cryospheric control upon water chemistry. Water and soil samples were also collected at two lower-elevation sites along the glacial stream to investigate the downstream variability of N forms and DOC. Nitrate-N, dissolved organic nitrogen, and DOC concentrations (0.21 ± 0.12, 0.19 ± 0.14, 1.16 ± 0.63 mg L−1, respectively) and yields (220, 210, 1279 kg km−2 year−1, respectively) were among the highest considering other glaciated areas of the globe, probably due to high atmospheric N and C depositions. Limited effect of soil on water characteristics was found and attributed to the reduced soil development in recently deglaciated areas (after the Little Ice Age), thus underlining the role of glacier melting in determining N and C dynamics in high-elevation, Alpine surface waters.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Eng. Andrea Soncini, Emil Squinobal, Elena Serra, Davide Viglietti, Emanuele Pintaldi and Marco Prati for their help in fieldwork and laboratory activities. We give special thanks to Consorzio di Miglioramento Fondiario di Gressoney (Aosta), Monterosaski, and Monterosa 2000. Fondazione Montagna Sicura is also kindly acknowledged for supporting with ice ablation data. This research was supported by the I CARE Project (Impact of Climate change on Alpine water REsources: the case of Italy and Switzerland) funded under Politecnico5xMille Scheme 2009 and partly by the European Regional Development Fund in Interreg Alpine Space project Links4Soils (ASP399): Caring for Soil-Where Our Roots Grow. Finally, the editor and anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback and input during the review of this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy

    Nicola Colombo, Maria Martin, Michele Eugenio D’Amico & Michele Freppaz

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo DA Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Daniele Bocchiola & Gabriele Confortola

  3. CNR-IRSA (National Research Council-Water Research Institute), Via del Mulino, 19, 20047, Brugherio, Italy

    Franco Salerno

  4. CNR-IRPI (National Research Council-Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection), Strada delle Cacce, 73, 10135, Turin, Italy

    Danilo Godone

  5. Research Center on Natural Risk in Mountain and Hilly Environments, NatRisk, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy

    Nicola Colombo, Daniele Bocchiola, Danilo Godone & Michele Freppaz

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  1. Nicola Colombo
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Colombo, N., Bocchiola, D., Martin, M. et al. High export of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from an Alpine glacier (Indren Glacier, NW Italian Alps). Aquat Sci 81, 74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-019-0670-z

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