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External-Beam Radiotherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer in Osaka, Japan, 1995–2006

Time Trends, Outcome, and Risk Stratification

Perkutane Strahlentherapie bei klinisch lokalisiertem Prostatakrebs in Osaka, Japan, 1995–2006. Zeitliche Entwicklung, Resultate und Risikostratifikation

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Purpose:

To establish an initial database of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer used in Osaka, Japan, and, by analyzing the results of the Osaka multicenter cooperative study, to determine time trends, outcome, and applicability of existing and the authors’ original risk stratification methods.

Patients and Methods:

Data of 652 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (T1–4 N0 M0) were accrued from July to December 2007. These patients had been treated from 1995 through 2006 with consecutive definitive EBRT of ≥ 60 Gy at eleven institutions, mainly in Osaka. Altogether, 436 patients were eligible for analysis using several risk stratification methods, namely, those of D’Amico et al., the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and Seattle, as well as the authors’ original Prostate Cancer Risk Index (PRIX).

Results:

The number of patients showed a tenfold increase over 10 years, together with a rapid spread of the use of Gleason Score from 0% to > 90% of cases. The dominant RT dose fractionation was 70 Gy/35 fractions (87%). Hormone therapy had been administered to 95% of the patients and the higher PRIX corresponded to the higher rate of hormone usage. 3- and 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) rates were 85% and 70%, respectively. The D’Amico (p = 0.132), NCCN (p = 0.138), Seattle (p = 0.041) and PRIX (p = 0.044) classifications showed weak or no correlation with bRFS, while the own modified three-class PRIX (PRIX 0, 1–5, 6) showed a strong correlation (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The use of prostate EBRT in Japan is still in its infancy, but is rapidly expanding. The short-term outcomes have been satisfactory considering the moderate RT dose. A very high rate of hormone usage may affect the outcome favorably, but also may compromise the usefulness of current risk stratification.

Ziel:

Erstellung einer ersten Datenbank zur perkutanen Strahlentherapie (EBRT) bei klinisch lokalisiertem Prostatakrebs in Osaka, Japan, und Ermittlung der zeitlichen Entwicklung, Resultate und Anwendbarkeit der existierenden und der eigenen Risikostratifikationsmethoden mittels Analyse der Ergebnisse der multizentrischen kooperativen Osaka-Studie.

Patienten und Methodik:

Daten von 652 Patienten mit klinisch lokalisiertem Prostatakrebs (T1–4 N0 M0) wurden von Juli bis Dezember 2007 erfasst. Diese Patienten waren zwischen 1995 und 2006 in elf Einrichtungen, vorwiegend in Osaka, mit konsekutiver definitiver EBRT von ≥ 60 Gy behandelt worden. Insgesamt 436 Patienten qualifizierten sich für die Analyse mittels mehrerer Risikostratifikationsmethoden, namentlich jener von D’Amico et al., National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) und Seattle sowie des eigenen Prostatakrebsrisikoindex (PRIX).

Ergebnisse:

Die Anzahl der Patienten stieg binnen 10 Jahren um das Zehnfache, und gleichzeitig kam es zu einem rasch zunehmenden Einsatz des Gleason-Scores von 0% auf > 90% der Fälle. Die dominante RT-Dosisfraktionierung betrug 70 Gy/35 Frak tionen (87%). Eine Hormontherapie war 95% der Patienten verabreicht worden, und der höhere PRIX entsprach der höheren Rate des Hormoneinsatzes. Die 3- und 5-Jahres-Raten des biochemisch rezidivfreien Überlebens (bRFS) lagen bei 85% bzw. 70%. Die Klassifikationen von D’Amico et al. (p = 0,132), NCCN (p = 0,138), Seattle (p = 0,041) und PRIX (p = 0,044) zeigten eine schwache Korrelation mit dem bRFS, wogegen der eigene modifizierte Drei-Klassen-PRIX (PRIX 0, 1–5, 6) eine starke Korrrelation (p = 0,002) ergab.

Schlussfolgerung:

Der Einsatz der Prostata-EBRT in Japan ist noch in der Anfangsphase begriffen, breitet sich aber rasch aus. Angesichts moderater RT-Dosen sind zufriedenstellende kurzfristige Resultate erzielt worden. Eine sehr hohe Rate von Hormonverabreichungen mag die Ergebnisse günstig beeinflussen, könnte aber auch die Nützlichkeit der gegenwärtigen Risikostratifikation gefährden.

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Correspondence to Yasuo Yoshioka.

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Yoshioka, Y., Suzuki, O., Kobayashi, K. et al. External-Beam Radiotherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer in Osaka, Japan, 1995–2006 . Strahlenther Onkol 185, 446–452 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-009-1981-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-009-1981-0

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