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Anti-inflammatory properties of lipid oxidation products

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Abstract

Oxidative modification of lipids occurs during inflammatory processes and leads to the formation and accumulation of biologically active lipid oxidation products that induce specific cellular reactions. These reactions lead to a modulation of the inflammatory process and may determine the fate and outcome of the body's reaction in acute inflammation during host defense. The processes by which oxidized lipids may play an important role include resolution of inflammation involving apoptosis, chronic inflammatory processes, and innate and adaptive immune responses. The classical view of lipid oxidation products is that they can induce and propagate chronic inflammatory reactions. However, evidence is accumulating that cells and tissues respond towards these oxidatively formed stress signals also by activation of anti-inflammatory processes. These include defense strategies such as (a) induction of signaling pathways leading to the upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes, (b) inhibition of signaling pathways coupled to the expression of proinflammatory genes, and (c) preventing the interaction of proinflammatory bacterial products with host cells. This contribution summarizes recent findings on the anti-inflammatory action of oxidized lipoproteins and lipid oxidation products. We discuss confirmed and suggested mechanisms as well as the (patho)physiological significance of these findings.

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Abbreviations

AH:

Acetylhydrolase

AP :

Activator protein

COX :

Cyclooxygenase

CRE :

cAMP-response elements

CREB :

cAMP-response element binding protein

Egr :

Early growth response factor

HDL :

High-density lipoprotein

HETE :

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HNE :

Hydroxynonenal

HO :

Heme oxygenase

HODE :

Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

ICAM :

Intercellular adhesion molecule

IFN :

Interferon

IKK :

IκB kinase

IL :

Interleukin

LPS :

Lipopolysaccharide

LXR :

Liver X receptors

MCP :

Monocyte chemotactic protein

MM-LDL :

Minimally modified LDL

NF :

Nuclear factor

NFAT :

Nuclear factor activated T cells

OxLDL :

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein

OxPAPC :

Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

PAF :

Platelet-activating factor

PG :

Prostaglandin

PKA :

Protein kinase A

POVPC :

1-Palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

PPAR :

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors

PPRE :

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor response element

ROS :

Reactive oxygen species

STAT :

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TLR :

Toll-like receptor

TNF :

Tumor necrosis factor

VCAM :

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

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  1. Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Valery N. Bochkov & Norbert Leitinger

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Bochkov, V.N., Leitinger, N. Anti-inflammatory properties of lipid oxidation products. J Mol Med 81, 613–626 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-003-0467-2

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