Zusammenfassung
Die Auswirkungen psychischer Erkrankungen auf die Arbeits- und Erwerbssituation können erheblich sein. Sie sind eine der Hauptursachen für Arbeitsunfähigkeit sowie Erwerbsminderung. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage nach geeigneten beruflichen Wiedereingliederungsmaßnahmen für Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen, wobei sich in den letzten Jahren international das Prinzip des Supported Employment als zunehmend erfolgreich erwiesen hat. Hierbei werden psychisch erkrankte Menschen mit beruflichem Rehabilitationsbedarf primär auf einem Arbeitsplatz des ersten Arbeitsmarktes platziert und vor Ort durch einen Jobcoach unterstützt. Dieses Konzept ist inklusiv, individuell, nachhaltig und evidenzbasiert. Trotz erwiesener Wirksamkeit ist es im deutschsprachigen Raum bislang noch wenig umgesetzt. Es wird zukünftig darauf ankommen, stärker als bislang den individuellen Hilfebedarf psychisch erkrankter Menschen aufzunehmen und mit funktional, im besten Fall multiprofessionell und mobil aufgestellten Angeboten zu begegnen.
Abstract
The effects of mental diseases on the employment and working situation can be substantial. They are one of the main reasons for inability to work and reduced earning capacity. Against this background the question arises about suitable occupational reintegration measures for people with severe mental illnesses. In recent years, the principle of supported employment has been internationally shown to be increasingly more successful. In this context mentally ill people are primarily placed at a position of the first employment market and supported on-site by a job coach. This concept is inclusive, individual and evidence based. Despite proven effectiveness, it has so far been insufficiently implemented in German-speaking regions. In the future it will be a matter of considering the individual needs for assistance of mentally ill people more intensively than previously and to respond with functional and in a best-case scenario, multiprofessional and flexible offers.
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K. Stengler, A. Bechdolf, T. Becker, A. Döring, W. Höhl, D. Jäckel, H. Kilian, A. Theißing, A. Torhorst, G. Wirtz, R. Zeidler und S. Riedel-Heller geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Alle AutorInnen sind Mitglied der DGPPN-Task-Force „Supported Employment“ und haben zu gleichen Teilen an diesem Positionspapier mitgewirkt.
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Stengler, K., Bechdolf, A., Becker, T. et al. Umsetzung der Prinzipien des Supported Employment in Deutschland. Nervenarzt 92, 955–962 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-01038-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-01038-0
Schlüsselwörter
- Berufliche Teilhabe
- Rehabilitation
- Unterstützte Beschäftigung
- Individual Placement and Support (IPS)
- Jobcoaching