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Impaired proteostasis: role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

In living organisms, proteins are regularly exposed to ‘molecular ageing’, which corresponds to a set of non-enzymatic modifications that progressively cause irreversible damage to proteins. This phenomenon is greatly amplified under pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. For their survival and optimal functioning, cells have to maintain protein homeostasis, also called ‘proteostasis’. This process acts to maintain a high proportion of functional and undamaged proteins. Different mechanisms are involved in proteostasis, among them degradation systems (the main intracellular proteolytic systems being proteasome and lysosomes), folding systems (including molecular chaperones), and enzymatic mechanisms of protein repair. There is growing evidence that the disruption of proteostasis may constitute a determining event in pathophysiology. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how such a dysregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and in the onset of its long-term complications.

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Abbreviations

FN3K:

Fructosamine-3-kinase

HSP:

Heat shock protein

MSR:

Methionine sulfoxide reductase

PIMT:

Protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase

RAGE:

Receptor for AGE

sHSP:

Small heat shock protein

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

VEGFR2:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank E. van Schaftingen (de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium) for carefully reading the manuscript and providing constructive comments.

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The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript.

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Both authors were responsible for the conception and design of the manuscript, drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. Both authors approved the version to be published.

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Jaisson, S., Gillery, P. Impaired proteostasis: role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 57, 1517–1527 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3257-1

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