Degradation Dynamics and Persistence of Quinolphos and Methomyl In/On Okra (Ablemoschus esculentus) Fruits and Cropped Soil

Abstract

Dissipation of Quinalphos (Ekalux 20 AF) and Methomyl (Lannate 12.5 L) residues were studied in/on Okra (var. Pusa Sawani) fruits and cropped soil at Baruipur, West Bengal, India. The insecticides were applied at 21 days after sowing by foliar spray at the recommended and double the recommended dose (i.e. 500 and 1,000 g a.i. ha⁻¹ in both the cases). Four sprays were given at 15 days interval in all the cases. The initial build-up residue on Okra fruits was to the magnitude of 3.20 and 7.50 μg g⁻¹ for Quinalphos, 5.61 and 8.42 μg g⁻¹ for Methomyl at lower and higher doses respectively. The half-lives (t_1/2) in Okra fruit were found to be 1.25–1.43 days for Quinalphos and 0.88–0.94 days for Methomyl. The safe waiting period (T_MRL) determined were 6.7 and 5.3 days at the lower dose of Quinalphos. The corresponding waiting period for Methomyl were 5.7 and 4.9 days. Decontamination process like washing and cooking dislodged 25.50%–81.50% residue depending on insecticides and doses, whereas 20.00%–69.60% surface residue was removed by washing alone. The residues of both insecticides in soil persisted for 6–8 days depending on dose. The half-lives in soil were found to be 1.07–1.20 days for Quinalphos and 0.97–1.25 days for Methomyl.