Zusammenfassung
Erfassung und Interpretation latenter Blutspuren sind wichtige Bestandteile der Blutspurenverteilungsanalyse. Die Suche nach bei Normalbeleuchtung nichtsichtbaren Blutspuren mithilfe spezieller Beleuchtungstechniken, der Luminolsprühmethode und chemischer Kontrastverstärkung durch Leukokristallviolett (LCV) ermöglicht den differenzierten Nachweis von Blutspuren und Reinigungsmaßnahmen, die dem Gutachter initial nicht zugänglich waren. Forensische Lichtquellen sind in der Lage, Licht unterschiedlicher Wellenlänge zu emittieren und so unsichtbare Spuren dem menschlichen Auge zugänglich zu machen. Luminol ist ein Substanzgemisch, das bei Kontakt mit Blut eine blaue Chemilumineszenz erzeugt und so die latente Blutspur kurzzeitig zum Vorschein bringt. Chemische Kontrastverstärker wie LCV weisen durch katalytische Farbreaktionen den Hämanteil des Hämoglobins nach und machen latente Blutspuren dem Gutachter bleibend zugänglich. Die systematische Analyse primär sichtbarer und latenter Blutspuren, einhergehend mit einer standardisierten Dokumentation, ist für die Rekonstruktion von Geschehensabläufen essenziell und dient als wesentliche Hilfe bei der Differenzierung zwischen Unfall, Tötungsdelikt und Suizid.
Abstract
Visualization and interpretation of latent bloodstains is an essential part of bloodstain pattern analysis. The search for latent bloodstains with the help of a variable light source, luminol searching technique and visual enhancement chemicals, such as leucocrystal violet enables a differentiated analysis of transferred bloodstains, dripped and splashed blood, blood imprints and cleaning measures. Alternative light sources are used to enhance the contrast of bloodstains on surfaces where the stain is originally not visible to the naked eye. Luminol is a solution that interacts with iron present in blood creating a chemiluminescence which reveals latent bloodstains for a short period of time. Visual enhancement chemicals such as leucocrystal violet generate a permanent purple-blue coloration when it comes into contact with the heme portion of hemoglobin in blood. A highly qualified analysis of visible bloodstains and latent impressions in blood, together with standardized documentation is an important part of the investigation and crime scene reconstruction.
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Kunz, S., Adamec, J., Gilg, T. et al. Visualisierung latenter Blutspuren. Rechtsmedizin 22, 61–72 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-011-0794-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-011-0794-5