Abstract
Summary
In patients with femoral neck fracture, clinical factors, bone metabolism markers (in serum, urine, and bone), bone mineral density, radiographic parameters, and bone histomorphometric parameters were investigated to detect determinants of fragility fracture. The osteocalcin/deoxypyridinoline ratio and osteopontin/calcium ratio of cortical bone were selected as significant predictors.
Introduction
Measurement of bone mineral density is widely used to assess bone strength, but this also depends on other bone components and on bone structure. The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for fracture related to bone quality, the patient’s history, and the patient’s lifestyle.
Methods
Twenty-one patients with femoral neck fracture and 18 patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled. Blood and urine samples were collected on admission to hospital, and bone samples were obtained from femoral necks resected during surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using osteoarthritis and femoral neck fracture as combined variables to assess the influence of alcohol or coffee intake, eating natto (fermented soybeans), osteocalcin and calcium concentrations, the osteocalcin/deoxypyridinoline ratio and osteopontin/calcium ratios of cortical bone and cancellous bone, various bone histomorphometric parameters, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and the intact contralateral femoral neck, and various radiographic parameters of the spine
Results
By forward stepwise multivariate analysis, the osteocalcin/deoxypyridinoline and osteopontin/calcium ratios of cortical bone were selected as significant factors for fracture (the odds ratios were 0.493 and <0.001, respectively; both P < 0.001).
Conclusions
A decrease of osteopontin and osteocalcin in bone is important for promoting vulnerability to hip fracture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy (2001) Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 285:785–795
Seeman E, Delmas PD (2006) Bone quality—the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 354:2250–2261
Seeman E (2002) Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men. Lancet 359:1841–1850
Borah B, Dufresne TE, Chmielewski PA, Johnson TD, Chines A, Manhart MD (2004) Risedronate preserves bone architecture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Bone 34:736–746
Dufresne TE, Chmielewski PA, Manhart MD, Johnson TD, Borah B (2003) Risedronate preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 73:423–432
Bell KL, Loveridge N, Jordan GR, Power J, Constant CR, Reeve J (2000) A novel mechanism for induction of increased cortical porosity in cases of intracapsular hip fracture. Bone 27:297–304
Jordan GR, Loveridge N, Bell KL, Power J, Rushton N, Reeve J (2000) Spatial clustering of remodeling osteons in the femoral neck cortex: a cause of weakness in hip fracture? Bone 26:305–313
Roschger P, Rinnerthaler S, Yates J, Rodan GA, Fratzl P, Klaushofer K (2001) Alendronate increases degree and uniformity of mineralization in cancellous bone and decreases the porosity in cortical bone of osteoporotic women. Bone 29:185–191
Mori S, Harruff R, Ambrosius W, Burr DB (1997) Trabecular bone volume and microdamage accumulation in the femoral heads of women with and without femoral neck fractures. Bone 21:521–526
Saito M, Fujii K, Soshi S, Tanaka T (2006) Reductions in degree of mineralization and enzymatic collagen cross-links and increases in glycation-induced pentosidine in the femoral neck cortex in cases of femoral neck fracture. Osteoporos Int 17:986–995
Tang SY, Zeenath U, Vashishth D (2007) Effects of non-enzymatic glycation on cancellous bone fragility. Bone 40:1144–1151
Garnero P, Borel O, Gineyts E, Duboeuf F, Solberg H, Bouxsein ML, Christiansen C, Delmas PD (2006) Extracellular post-translational modifications of collagen are major determinants of biomechanical properties of fetal bovine cortical bone. Bone 38:300–309
Viguet-Carrin S, Garnero P, Delmas PD (2006) The role of collagen in bone strength. Osteoporos Int 17:319–336
Vashishth D (2007) The role of the collagen matrix in skeletal fragility. Curr Osteoporos Rep 5:62–66
Saito M, Fujii K, Mori Y, Marumo K (2006) Role of collagen enzymatic and glycation induced cross-links as a determinant of bone quality in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats. Osteoporos Int 17:1514–1523
Saito M, Mori S, Mashiba T, Komatsubara S, Marumo K (2008) Collagen maturity, glycation-induced pentosidine, and mineralization are increased following 3-year treatment with incadronate in dogs. Osteoporos Int 19:1343–1354
Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M, Stock JL, Black DM, Harper KD (2002) Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res 17:1–10
Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Harris F, Genant HK, Ensrud K, LaCroix AZ, Black DM (2002) Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. Am J Med 112:281–289
Kanis JA, Black D, Cooper C, Dargent P, Dawson-Hughes B, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman J, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Melton L, Oden A, Papapoulos S, Pols H, Rizzoli R, Silman A, Tenenhouse A (2002) A new approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 13:527–536
Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Johansson H, De Laet C, Brown J, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Christiansen C, Cummings S, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Gluer C, Goltzman D, Hans D, Krieg MA, La Croix A, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ 3rd, Pols H, Reeve J, Sanders K, Schott AM, Silman A, Torgerson D, van Staa T, Watts NB, Yoshimura N (2007) The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int 18:1033–1046
Orimo H, Hayashi Y, Fukunaga M, Sone T, Fujiwara S, Shiraki M, Kushida K, Miyamoto S, Soen S, Nishimura J, Oh-Hashi Y, Hosoi T, Gorai I, Tanaka H, Igai T, Kishimoto H (2001) Diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2000 revision. J Bone Miner Metab 19:331–337
Yu W, Gluer CC, Fuerst T, Grampp S, Li J, Lu Y, Genant HK (1995) Influence of degenerative joint disease on spnal bone mineral measurements in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 57:169–174
Urano T, Shiraki M, Narusawa K, Usui T, Sasaki N, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Nakamura T, Inoue S (2007) Q89R polymorphism in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 gene is associated with spinal osteoarthritis in postmenopausal Japanese women. Spine 32:25–29
Urano T, Narusawa K, Shiraki M, Usui T, Sasaki N, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Nakamura T, Inoue S (2007) Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the WISP1 gene with spinal osteoarthritis in postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab 25:253–258
Urano T, Narusawa K, Shiraki M, Usui T, Sasaki N, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Nakamura T, Inoue S (2008) Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene with spinal disc degeneration in postmenopausal Japanese women. Spine 33:1256–1261
Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H, Meunier PJ, Ott SM, Recker RR (1987) Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee. J Bone Miner Res 2:595–610
Ducy P, Desbois C, Boyce B, Pinero G, Story B, Dunstan C, Smith E, Bonadio J, Goldstein S, Gundberg C, Bradley A, Karsenty G (1996) Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice. Nature 382:448–452
Ishijima M, Rittling SR, Yamashita T, Tsuji K, Kurosawa H, Nifuji A, Denhardt DT, Noda M (2001) Enhancement of osteoclastic bone resorption and suppression of osteoblastic bone formation in response to reduced mechanical stress do not occur in the absence of osteopontin. J Exp Med 193:399–404
Hunter GK, Hauschka PV, Poole AR, Rosenberg LC, Goldberg HA (1996) Nucleation and inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation by mineralized tissue proteins. Biochem J 317(Pt 1):59–64
Amizuka N, Li M, Kobayashi M, Hara K, Akahane S, Takeuchi K, Freitas PH, Ozawa H, Maeda T, Akiyama Y (2008) Vitamin K2, a gamma-carboxylating factor of gla-proteins, normalizes the bone crystal nucleation impaired by Mg-insufficiency. Histol Histopathol 23:1353–1366
Amizuka N, Li M, Hara K, Kobayashi M, de Freitas PH, Ubaidus S, Oda K, Akiyama Y (2009) Warfarin administration disrupts the assembly of mineralized nodules in the osteoid. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 58:55–65
Sodek J, Chen J, Nagata T, Kasugai S, Todescan R Jr, Li IW, Kim RH (1995) Regulation of osteopontin expression in osteoblasts. Ann N Y Acad Sci 760:223–241
Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Lian JB, Bidwell JP, Montecino M (1994) Nuclear architecture supports integration of physiological regulatory signals for transcription of cell growth and tissue-specific genes during osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Biochem 55:4–15
Vergnaud P, Garnero P, Meunier PJ, Breart G, Kamihagi K, Delmas PD (1997) Undercarboxylated osteocalcin measured with a specific immunoassay predicts hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:719–724
Szulc P, Chapuy MC, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD (1993) Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is a marker of the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. J Clin Invest 91:1769–1774
Conflicts of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tanaka, S., Narusawa, K., Onishi, H. et al. Lower osteocalcin and osteopontin contents of the femoral head in hip fracture patients than osteoarthritis patients. Osteoporos Int 22, 587–597 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1328-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1328-9