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Automated thin-film microextraction coupled to a flow-through cell: somewhere in between passive and active sampling

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Abstract

A prototype for the automated thin-film microextraction of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions has been developed and is presented here for the first time. With a software-controlled setup, extraction methods for ivermectin and iohexol have been developed. The widely used antiparasitic agent ivermectin is non-polar and has a high tendency to sorb to surfaces. In contrast to this, the nonionic but polar iodinated X-ray contrast agent iohexol is freely water soluble. With these two substances, a wide range of polarity is covered. Sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of ivermectin and iohexol were studied. With the presented passive sampling approach, it was possible to extract up to 96.2% ivermectin with a C18-phase within 1 h and up to 74.6% of iohexol with a PS-DVB phase within 36 h out of water. Using abamectin as internal standard, it was possible to quantitatively follow dissipation of ivermectin in a simulated surface water experiment. Predominantly, the newly developed prototype can be used for automated and time-resolved extraction of xenobiotics from waterbodies under field conditions, for the extraction of substances under laboratory conditions as an alternative to the elaborate solid-phase extraction, and for the automated control of chemical reaction kinetics.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi; grant number KF2815902RH1) and the BANSS Foundation. The flow-through system was constructed together with the participants of the electronic- and the precision mechanics-workshop of the physics faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen. PAS Technology Deutschland GmbH (Magdala, Germany) kindly provided the coated combs in cooperation with the working group of Janusz Pawliszyn (University of Waterloo, Canada).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Manuel Wohde, Leonard Böhm, Christoph Hartwig, Benjamin Martin Keil, Katharina Martin & Rolf-Alexander Düring

  2. Department of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Jens-Ole Bartz

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  1. Manuel Wohde
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  2. Jens-Ole Bartz
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  5. Benjamin Martin Keil
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  7. Rolf-Alexander Düring
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Correspondence to Manuel Wohde.

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Wohde, M., Bartz, JO., Böhm, L. et al. Automated thin-film microextraction coupled to a flow-through cell: somewhere in between passive and active sampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 1975–1984 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0145-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0145-1

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