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Identification of organically farmed Atlantic salmon by analysis of stable isotopes and fatty acids

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Abstract

Using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), the ratios of carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) stable isotopes were investigated in raw fillets of differently grown Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in order to develop a method for the identification of organically farmed salmon. IRMS allowed to distinguish organically farmed salmon (OS) from wild salmon (WS), with δ 15N-values being higher in OS, but not from conventionally farmed salmon (CS). The gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids differentiated WS from CS by stearic acid as well as WS from CS and OS by either linoleic acid or α-linolenic acid, but not OS from CS. The combined data were subjected to analysis using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN yielded several combinations of input data that allowed to assign all 100 samples from Ireland and Norway correctly to the three different classes. Although the complete assignment could already be achieved using fatty acid data only, it appeared to be more robust with a combination of fatty acid and IRMS data, i.e. with two independent analytical methods. This is also favourable with respect to a possible manipulation using suitable feed components. A good differentiation was established even without an ANN by the δ 15N-value and the content of linoleic acid. The general applicability in the context of consumer protection should be checked with further samples, particularly regarding the variability of feed composition and possible changes in smoked salmon.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mrs. Bärbel Krumbeck and Mrs. Sybille Sölter for their assistance in performing the analytical work. The work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture under the federal programme ‘‘Ökologischer Landbau’’ (project no. 02OE73 ‘‘Ökofina’’).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Dairy Chemistry and Technology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany

    Joachim Molkentin & Hans Meisel

  2. Department of Fish Quality, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany

    Ines Lehmann & Hartmut Rehbein

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  1. Joachim Molkentin
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  2. Hans Meisel
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  3. Ines Lehmann
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  4. Hartmut Rehbein
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Correspondence to Joachim Molkentin.

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Molkentin, J., Meisel, H., Lehmann, I. et al. Identification of organically farmed Atlantic salmon by analysis of stable isotopes and fatty acids. Eur Food Res Technol 224, 535–543 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0314-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0314-0

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