Abstract
Asian sand dust (ASD) containing microbiological materials, sulfate (SO 24 ), and nitrate (NO −3 ) derived from air pollutants in East China, reportedly cause adverse respiratory health effects. ASD aggravates ovalbumin (OVA)-associated experimental lung eosinophilia. In this study, the toxic materials adsorbed onto ASD were excluded by heat treatment at 360°C for 30 min. The effects of nonheated ASD or heated ASD (H-ASD) toward the allergic lung inflammation were compared in murine lungs. ICR mice were administered intratracheally with normal saline (control), H-ASD, ASD, OVA, OVA + H-ASD, and OVA + ASD, four times at 2-week intervals. ASD only increased neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) along with pro-inflammatory mediators, such as keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). H-ASD and ASD enhanced eosinophil recruitment induced by OVA in the alveoli and in the submucosa of the airway, which has a goblet cell proliferation in the bronchial epithelium. The two ASDs synergistically increased interleukin-5 (IL-5), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), and eotaxin, which were associated with OVA, in BALF. The enhancing effects were much greater in ASD than in H-ASD. The two ASDs induced the adjuvant effects to specific IgE and IgG1 production by OVA. In the in vitro study using RAW264.7 cells, ASD increased the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2) mRNA but not TLR4 mRNA. H-ASD caused no expression of either TLR mRNA. These results suggest that the aggravated lung eosinophilia by ASD may be due to activation of Th2-associated immune response via the activation of TLR2 by microbial components adhered to ASD.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamthwaite D, Cooley MA (1994) CD8+ T-cell subsets defined by expression of CD45 isoforms differ in their capacity to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-beta. Immunology 81:253–260
Akahoshi T, Endo H, Kondo H, Kashiwazaki S, Kasahara T, Mukaida N, Harada A, Matsushima K (1994) Essential involvement of interleukin-8 in neutrophil recruitment in rabbits with acute experimental arthritis induced by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 13:113–116
Beutler B (2002) TLR4 as the mammalian endotoxin sensor. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 27:109–120
Beutler B (2004) Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature 430(6996):257–263
Chang CC, Lee IM, Tsai SS, Yang CY (2006) Correlation of Asian dust storm events with daily clinic visits for allergic rhinitis in Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 69:229–235
Chen YS, Yang CY (2005) Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68:1457–1464
Chen YS, Sheen PC, Chen ER, Liu YK, Wu TN, Yang CY (2004) Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan. Environ Res 95:151–155
Choi JC, Lee M, Chun Y, Kin J, Oh S (2001) Chemical composition and source signature of spring aerosol in Seoul. Kor J Geophys Res 106:18067–18074
D'Andrea A, Ma X, Aste-Amezaga M, Paganin C, Trinchieri G (1995) Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: priming for IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. J Exp Med 181:537–546
Duce AR, Unni CK, Ray BJ, Prospero JM, Merrill JT (1980) Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: temporal variability. Science 209:1522–1524
Dunzendorfer S, Kaneiderm NC, Kaser A, Woell E, Frade JM, Mellado M, Martinez-Alonso C, Wiedermann CJ (2001) Functional expression of chemokine receptor 2 by normal human eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108:581–587
Eisenbarth SC, Piggott DA, Huleatt JW, Visintin I, Herrick CA, Bottomly K (2002) Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced, toll-like receptor 4-dependent T helper cell type 2 responses to inhaled antigen. J Exp Med 196:1645–1651
Ernst H, Rittinghausen S, Bartsch W, Creutzenberg O, Dasenbrock C, Gorlitz BD, Hecht M, Kairies U, Muhle H, Muller M, Heinrich U, Pott F (2002) Pulmonary inflammation in rats after intratracheal instillation of quartz, amorphous SiO2, carbon black, and coal dust and the influence of poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO). Exp Toxicol Pathol 54:109–126
Foster PS, Hogan SP, Ramsay AJ, Matthaei KI, Young IG (1996) Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airway hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model. J Exp Med 183:195–201
Gleich GJ (1990) The eosinophil and bronchial asthma: current understanding. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:422–436
Hearn VM, Sietsma JH (1994) Chemical and immunological analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall. Microbiology 140:789–795
Hiyoshi K, Ichinose T, Sadakane K, Takano H, Nishikawa M, Mori I, Yanagisawa R, Yoshida S, Kumagai Y, Tomura S, Shibamoto T (2005) Asian sand dust enhances ovalbumin-induced eosinophil recruitment in the alveoli and airway of mice. Environ Res 99:361–368
Hsieh CS, Macatonia SE, Tripp CS, Wolf SF, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1993) Development of TH1 CD4+T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 260:47–49
Husar RB, Tratt DB, Schichtel BA, Falke SR, Li F, Jaffe D, Gasso S, Gill T, Laulainen NS, Lu F, Reheis MC, Chun Y, Westphal D, Holben BN, Gueymard C, McKendry I, Kuring N, Feldman GC, McClain C, Frouin RJ, Merrill J, DuBois D, Vigonola F, Sugimoto N, Malm WC (2001) Asian dust events of April 1998. J Geophys Res 106:18316–18330
Ichinose T, Takano H, Sadakane K, Yanagisawa R, Kawazato H, Sagai M, Shibamoto T (2003) Differences in airway-inflammation development by house dust mite and diesel exhaust inhalation among mouse strains. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 187:29–37
Ichinose T, Nishikawa M, Takano H, Sera N, Sadakane K, Mori I, Yanagisawa R, Oda T, Tamura H, Hiyoshi K, Quan H, Tomura S, Shibamoto T (2005) Pulmonary toxicity induced by intratracheal instillation of Asian yellow dust (Kosa) in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharm 20:48–56
Ichinose T, Sadakane K, Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Nishikawa M, Mori I, Kawazato H, Yasuda A, Hiyoshi K, Shibamoto T (2006) Enhancement of mite allergen-induced eosinophil infiltration in the murine airway and local cytokine/chemokine expression by Asian sand dust. J Toxicol Environ Health A 69:1571–1585
James AC, Stahlhofen W, Rudolf G, Briant JK, Egan MJ, Nixon W, Birchall A, Annexe D (1994) Deposition of inhaled particles. In: International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publ 66. Ann ICRP 24(1/4). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK
Kim BG, Han JS, Park SU (2001) Transport SO2 and aerosol over the Yellow Sea. Atmos Environ 35:727–737
Kwon HJ, Cho SH, Chun Y, Lagarde F, Pershagen G (2002) Effects of the Asian dust events on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea. Environ Res 90:1–5
Liu W, Ernst JD, Courtney BV (2000) Phagocytosis of crocidolite asbestos induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mesothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23:371–378
Mancino D, Ovary Z (1980) Adjuvant effects of amorphous silica and of aluminium hydroxide on IgE and IgG1 antibody production in different inbred mouse strains. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 61:253–258
Mancino D, Vuotto ML, Minucci M (1984) Effects of a crystalline silica on antibody production to T-dependent and T-independent antigens in Balb/c mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 73:10–13
Milligan PJM, Brabin B J (1998) Association of spatial distribution of childhood respiratory morbidity with environmental dust pollution. J Toxicol Environ Health A 55:169–184
Mori I, Nishikawa M, Tanimura T, Quan H (2003) Change in size distribution and chemical composition of Kosa (Asian dust) aerosol during long-range transport. Atmos Environ 37:4253–4263
Murphy SA, BeruBe KA, Pooley FD, Richards RJ (1998) The response of lung epithelium to well characterised fine particles. Life Sci 62:1789–1799
Nagase H, Yamaguchi M, Jibiki S, Yamada H, Ohta K, Kawasaki H, Yoshie O, Yamamoto K, Morita Y, Hirai K (1999) Eosinophil chemotaxis by chemokines: a study by a simple photometric assay. Allergy 54:944–950
Nikaido H (1969) Structure of cell wall lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. I. Linkage between o side chains and R core. J Biol Chem 244:2835–2845
Nishikawa M, Quan H, Morita M (2000) Preparation and evaluation of certified reference materials for asian mineral dust. Global Environ Res 1:103–113
Pan ZZ, Parkyn L, Ray A, Ray P (2000) Inducible lung-specific expression of RANTES: preferential recruitment of neutrophils. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279:L658–L666
Quan H, Huang Y, Nishikawa M, Liu X, Mori I, Iwasaka Y, Wei Q, Qiao S (1996) Preparation of artificial kousa aerosol with two original desert sands. J Environ Chem 6:225–231
Redecke V, Hacker H, Datta SK, Fermin A, Pitha PM, Broide DH, Raz E (2004) Cutting edge: activation of Toll-like receptor 2 induces a Th2 immune response and promotes experimental asthma. J Immunol 172:2739–2743
Robinson DS, Ying S, Bentley AM, Meng Q, North J, Durham SR, Kay AB, Hamid Q (1993) Relationships among numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells expressing messenger ribonucleic acid for cytokines, asthma symptoms, and airway methacholine responsiveness in atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 92:397–403
Romieu I, Meneses F, Ruiz S, Sienra JJ, Huerta J, White MC. Etzel RA (1996) Effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children living in Mexico City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:300–307
Rothenberg ME, MacLean JA, Pearlman E, Luster AD, Leder P (1997) Targeted disruption of the chemokine eotaxin partially reduces antigen-induced tissue eosinophilia. J Exp Med 185:785–790
Schins RP, Duffin R, Hohr D, Knaapen AM, Shi T, Weishaupt C, Stone V, Donaldson K, Borm PJ (2002) Surface modification of quartz inhibits toxicity, particle uptake, and oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. Chem Res Toxicol 15:1166–1173
Schwandner R, Dziarski R, Wesche H, Rothe M, Kirschning CJ (1999) Peptidoglycan- and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll- like receptor 2. J Biol Chem 274:17406–17409
Schwartz J, Slater T, Larson T, Pierson WE, Koenig JQ (1993) Particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma in Seatle. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:826–831
Shinn EA, Griffin DW, Seba DB (2003) Atmospheric transport of mold spores in clouds of desert dust. Arch Environ Health 58:498–504
Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW, Greenberger MJ, Danforth JM, Kunkel RG, Strieter RM (1995) Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha mediates lung leukocyte recruitment, lung capillary leak, and early mortality in murine endotoxemia. J Immunol 155:1515–1524
Yang CY (2006) Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily clinical visits for conjunctivitis in Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 69:1673–1680
Yang CY, Tsai SS, Chang CC, Ho SC (2005) Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily admissions for asthma in Taipei, Taiwan. Inhal Toxicol 17:817–821
Yoshida S, Yoshida M, Sugawara I, Takeda K (2006) Mice strain differences in effects of fetal exposure to diesel exhaust gas on male gonadal differentiation. Environ Sci 13:117–123
Young SH, Robinson VA, Barger M, Porter DW, Frazer DG, Castranova V (2001) Acute inflammation and recovery in rats after intratracheal instillation of a 1→3-beta-glucan (zymosan A). J Toxicol Environ Health A 64:311–325
Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan and by the Environmental Agency of Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ichinose, T., Yoshida, S., Hiyoshi, K. et al. The Effects of Microbial Materials Adhered to Asian Sand Dust on Allergic Lung Inflammation. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 55, 348–357 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9128-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9128-8