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Functional Guilds, Community Assembly, and Co-occurrence Patterns of Fungi in Metalliferous Mine Tailings Ponds in Mainland China

  • Fungal Microbiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Metalliferous mine tailings ponds are generally characterized by low levels of nutrient elements, sustained acidic conditions, and high contents of toxic metals. They represent one kind of extreme environments that are believed to resemble the Earth’s early environmental conditions. There is increasing evidence that the diversity of fungi inhabiting mine tailings ponds is much higher than previously thought. However, little is known about functional guilds, community assembly, and co-occurrence patterns of fungi in such habitats. As a first attempt to address this critical knowledge gap, we employed high-throughput sequencing to characterize fungal communities in 33 mine tailings ponds distributed across 18 provinces of mainland China. A total of 5842 fungal phylotypes were identified, with saprotrophic fungi being the major functional guild. The predictors of fungal diversity in whole community and sub-communities differed considerably. Community assembly of the whole fungal community and individual functional guilds were primarily governed by stochastic processes. Total soil nitrogen and total phosphorus mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes of the fungal community assembly. Co-occurrence network analysis uncovered a high modularity of the whole fungal community. The observed main modules largely consisted of saprotrophic fungi as well as various phylotypes that could not be assigned to known functional guilds. The richness of core fungal phylotypes, occupying vital positions in co-occurrence network, was positively correlated with edaphic properties such as soil enzyme activity. This indicates the important roles of core fungal phylotypes in soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. These findings improve our understanding of fungal ecology of extreme environments.

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Data Availability

The sequences obtained in this study are available at EMBL under accession number PRJEB53154.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Alan Baker (The Universities of Melbourne and Queensland, Australia) for his help in reviewing and improving the text of this paper.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42077117, 42177009, and 41622106), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B110207001), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021B1515120039), and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (No. 2020A1515010937).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China

    Shi-wei Feng, Jing-li Lu, Jie-Liang Liang, Zhuo-hui Wu, Xinzhu Yi, Ping Wen, Feng-lin Li, Pu Jia, Wen-sheng Shu & Jin-tian Li

  2. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Liao

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  1. Shi-wei Feng
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Contributions

Shi-wei Feng: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft. Jing-li Lu: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation. Jie-Liang Liang: software, visualization. Zhuo-hui Wu: investigation. Xinzhu Yi: investigation. Ping Wen: investigation. Feng-lin Li: investigation. Bin Liao: resources, project administration, funding acquisition. Pu Jia: supervision, conceptualization, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition. Wen-sheng Shu: supervision, funding acquisition. Jin-tian Li: supervision, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Pu Jia.

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Feng, Sw., Lu, Jl., Liang, JL. et al. Functional Guilds, Community Assembly, and Co-occurrence Patterns of Fungi in Metalliferous Mine Tailings Ponds in Mainland China. Microb Ecol 86, 843–858 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02121-6

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