Abstract
Used extensively in exploration geology to simulate the natural weathering of mineral deposits, sequential extractions have found new use in environmental studies determining the processes governing metal transport in the environment as well as estimating the bioavailability of contaminants in soils, sediments and waste materials. Many extracting solutions and extraction sequences can be found in the literature and the abilities of any given extracting solution to solubilise a target component of a soil/sediment system is much debated. A study into the mechanisms of aqueous metal uptake by bauxite refinery residues (red mud) revealed the need to establish the selectivity of the sodium acetate solution used to extract metals from ‘carbonates’, an extracting solution common to most sequential extraction schemes. The phase extractability of copper and lead removed from solution by hydroxide and carbonate compounds was used to demonstrate and define the abilities of the sodium acetate extracting solution. The experiments in this study demonstrate that 1 M Na acetate, pH 5, also releases metals associated with hydroxide minerals. The impact of these findings will depend on the chemistry and mineralogy of the soil/sediment system or waste material studied.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to acknowledge the University of Queensland, Department of Chemical Engineering, in particular Prof John Pohl, for research funding and support, and the staff and management of the Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Southern Cross University, for use of their quality facilities, in particular K. Farrugia for ICP/MS analysis.
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Hanahan, C. Dissolution of hydroxide minerals in the 1 M sodium acetate, ph 5, extracting solution in sequential extraction schemes. Env Geol 45, 864–868 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0946-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0946-3