Abstract
Lymphoproliferative and hematologic disorders of the kidney may present with focal or diffuse renal parenchymal involvement in clinical practice. Radiologic findings of lymphoproliferative and hematologic disorders of the kidney may mimick primary neoplastic and inflammatory disorders of the kidney. All cross-sectional imaging modalities including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may be used in the diagnosis of these diseases. Percutaneous biopsy may be used in problematic cases for definitive diagnosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Richmond J, Sherman RS, Diamond HD, Craver LF (1962) Renal lesions associated with malignant lymphomas. Am J Med 32:184–207
Miyake O, Namiki M, Sonoda T, Kitamura H (1987) Secondary involvement of genitourinary organs in malignant lymphoma. Urol Int 42:360–362
Cohan RH, Dunnick NR, Leder RA, Baker ME (1990) Computed tomography of renal lymphoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14:933–938
Reznek RH, Mootoosamy I, Webb JA, Richards MA (1990) CT in renal and perirenal lymphoma: a further look. Clin Radiol 42:233–238
Sheth S, Ali S, Fishman E (2006) Imaging of renal lymphoma: patterns of disease with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 26:1151–1168
Da’as N, Polliack A, Cohen Y, et al. (2001) Kidney involvement and renal manifestations in non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study in 700 patients. Eur J Haematol 67:158–164
Chepuri NB, Strouse PJ, Yanik GA (2003) CT of renal lymphoma in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180:429–431
Guermazi A, Brice P, de Kerviler EE, et al. (2001) Extranodal Hodgkin disease: spectrum of disease. Radiographics 21:161–179
Richards MA, Mootoosamy I, Reznek RH, Webb JA, Lister TA (1990) Renal involvement in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: clinical and pathological features in 23 cases. Hematol Oncol 8:105–110
Strauss S, Libson E, Schwartz E, et al. (1986) Renal sonography in American Burkitt lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 146:549–552
Hartman DS, David CJ Jr, Goldman SM, Friedman AC, Fritzsche P (1982) Renal lymphoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation of 21 cases. Radiology 144:759–766
Raman SP, Johnson PT, Allaf ME, Netto G, Fishman EK (2013) Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: multiphase MDCT enhancement patterns and morphologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 201:1268–1276
Harisinghani MG, Maher MM, Gervais DA, et al. (2003) Incidence of malignancy in complex cystic renal masses (Bosniak category III): should imaging-guided biopsy precede surgery? AJR Am J Roentgenol 180:755–758
Karadeniz C, Oguz A, Ataoglu O, et al. (2002) Primary renal lymphoma and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. J Nephrol 15:597–600
Mills NE, Goldenberg AS, Liu D, et al. (1992) B-cell lymphoma presenting as infiltrative renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 19:181–184
Stallone G, Infante B, Manno C, et al. (2000) Primary renal lymphoma does exist: case report and review of the literature. J Nephrol 13:367–372
Ganeshan D, Iyer R, Devine C, Bhosale P, Paulson E (2013) Imaging of primary and secondary renal lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 201:W712–W719
Hauser M, Krestin GP, Hagspiel KD (1995) Bilateral solid multifocal intrarenal and perirenal lesions: differentiation with ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Radiol 50:288–294
Semelka RC, Kelekis NL, Burdeny DA, et al. (1996) Renal lymphoma: demonstration by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 166:823–827
Zukotynski K, Lewis A, O’Regan K, et al. (2012) PET/CT and renal pathology: a blind spot for radiologists? Part 2–lymphoma, leukemia, and metastatic disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:W168–W174
Zukotynski K, Lewis A, O’Regan K, et al. (2012) PET/CT and renal pathology: a blind spot for radiologists? Part 1, primary pathology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:W163–W167
Ye XH, Chen LH, Wu HB, et al. (2010) 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation of lymphoma with renal involvement: comparison with renal carcinoma. South Med J 103:642–649
Elstrom RL, Leonard JP, Coleman M, Brown RK (2008) Combined PET and low-dose, noncontrast CT scanning obviates the need for additional diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT scans in patients undergoing staging or restaging for lymphoma. Ann Oncol 19:1770–1773
Nakamoto Y, Nogami M, Sugihara R, et al. (2011) Is contrast material needed after treatment of malignant lymphoma in positron emission tomography/computed tomography? Ann Nucl Med 25:93–99
Raanani P, Shasha Y, Perry C, et al. (2006) Is CT scan still necessary for staging in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients in the PET/CT era? Ann Oncol 17:117–122
Borhani AA, Hosseinzadeh K, Almusa O, Furlan A, Nalesnik M (2009) Imaging of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after solid organ transplantation. Radiographics 29:981–1000
Cho YU, Chi HS, Jang S, et al. (2014) Pattern analysis of Epstein-Barr virus viremia and its significance in the evaluation of organ transplant patients suspected of having posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 141:268–274
Sandrasegaran K, Menias CO, Verma S, et al. (2016) Imaging features of haematological malignancies of kidneys. Clin Radiol 71(3):195–202
Blaes AH, Cioc AM, Froelich JW, et al. (2009) Positron emission tomography scanning in the setting of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Clin Transplant 23:794–799
Chowdhury FU, Sheerin F, Bradley KM, et al. (2009) PET/CT staging and response evaluation of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Clin Nucl Med 34(6):386–387
Pickhardt PJ, Siegel MJ (1999) Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder of the abdomen: CT evaluation in 51 patients. Radiology 213:73–78
Hilmes MA, Dillman JR, Mody RJ, Strouse PJ (2008) Pediatric renal leukemia: spectrum of CT imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol 38:424–430
Agrawal V, Gupta A, Gupta R, Sharma MC, Das P (2011) Nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma of kidney with mixed phenotype blasts: a diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 54:606–608
Paydas S, Zorludemir S, Ergin M (2006) Granulocytic sarcoma: 32 cases and review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma 47:2527–2541
John S, Ahmad HA, Dunn T, et al. (2013) Unusual presentation of bladder myeloid sarcoma causing acute renal failure: case report and review of the literature. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 11:388–393
Janic D, Jovanovic N, Dokmanovic L, et al. (2007) Myeloid sarcoma presenting with bilateral proptosis and kidney infiltration. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 24:141–148
Stolzel F, Rollig C, Radke J, et al. (2011) (1)(8)F-FDG-PET/CT for detection of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 96:1552–1556
Ueda K, Ichikawa M, Takahashi M, et al. (2010) FDG-PET is effective in the detection of granulocytic sarcoma in patients with myeloid malignancy. Leuk Res 34:1239–1241
Kochhar R, Brown RK, Wong CO, et al. (2010) Role of FDG PET/CT in imaging of renal lesions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 54:347–357
Ooi CC, Cheah FK, Wong SK (2015) Castleman’s disease of the kidney: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound 43:438–442
Keller AR, Hochholzer L, Castleman B (1972) Hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell types of giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and other locations. Cancer 29:670–683
Charalabopoulos A, Misiakos EP, Foukas P, et al. (2010) Localized peripancreatic plasma cell Castleman disease. Am J Surg 199:e51–e53
Kim TU, Kim S, Lee JW, et al. (2012) Plasma cell type of Castleman’s disease involving renal parenchyma and sinus with cardiac tamponade: case report and literature review. Korean J Radiol 13:658–663
Hatano K, Fujita S, Tsujimoto Y, et al. (2007) Rare case of the hyaline vascular type of Castleman’s disease of the kidney. Int J Urol 14:1098–1100
Nishie A, Yoshimitsu K, Irie H, et al. (2003) Radiologic features of Castleman’s disease occupying the renal sinus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:1037–1040
de Horvat NSMR, Coelho CR, Roza LC, et al. (2015) Spectrum of abdominal imaging findings in histiocytic disorders. Abdom Imaging 40:2738–2746
Al-Quran S, Reith J, Bradley J, Rimsza L (2002) Erdheim–Chester disease: case report, PCR-based analysis of clonality, and review of literature. Mod Pathol 15:666–672
Chetritt J, Paradis V, Dargere D, et al. (1999) Chester-Erdheim disease: a neoplastic disorder. Hum Pathol 30:1093–1096
Yun EJ, Yeh BM, Yabes AP, Coakley FV, Kane CJ (2003) Erdheim–Chester disease: case report and review of associated urological, radiological and histological features. J Urol 169:1470–1471
Surabhi VR, Menias C, Prasad SR, et al. (2008) Neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferative disorders of the perirenal space: cross-sectional imaging findings. Radiographics 28:1005–1017
Wimpissinger TF, Schernthaner G, Feichtinger H, Stackl W (2005) Compression of kidneys in Erdheim–Chester disease of retroperitoneum: open surgical approach. Urology 65:798
Murray D, Marshall M, England E, Mander J, Chakera TM (2001) Erdheim–chester disease. Clin Radiol 56:481–484
Heller MT, Haarer KA, Thomas E, Thaete FL (2012) Neoplastic and proliferative disorders of the perinephric space. Clin Radiol 67:e31–e41
Oshima K, Kanda Y, Nannya Y, et al. (2001) Clinical and pathologic findings in 52 consecutively autopsied cases with multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 67:1–5
Birjawi GA, Jalbout R, Musallam KM, et al. (2008) Abdominal manifestations of multiple myeloma: a retrospective radiologic overview. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 8:348–351
Hall MN, Jagannathan JP, Ramaiya NH, Shinagare AB, Van den Abbeele AD (2010) Imaging of extraosseous myeloma: CT, PET/CT, and MRI features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195:1057–1065
Monill J, Pernas J, Montserrat E, et al. (2005) CT features of abdominal plasma cell neoplasms. Eur Radiol 15:1705–1712
Patlas M, Khalili K, Dill-Macky MJ, Wilson SR (2004) Spectrum of imaging findings in abdominal extraosseous myeloma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:929–932
Sered S, Nikolaidis P (2003) CT findings of perirenal plasmacytoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181:888
Farb JB, Lee EY (2006) Clinical image. Infiltrative renal lymphangioma in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Radiol 36:718
Mani NB, Sodhi KS, Singh P, et al. (2003) Renal lymphangiomatosis: a rare cause of bilateral nephromegaly. Aust Radiol 47:184–187
Chaabouni A, Rebai N, Fourati M, et al. (2012) Cystic lymphangioma of the kidney: diagnosis and management. Int J Surg Case Rep 3:587–589
Honma I, Takagi Y, Shigyo M, et al. (2002) Lymphangioma of the kidney. Int J Urol 9:178–182
Kekre NS, Arun N, Date A (1998) Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma causing intractable chyluria. Br J Urol 81:327–328
Varela JR, Bargiela A, Requejo I, et al. (1998) Bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis: US and CT findings. Eur Radiol 8:230–231
Daali M, Touiti I, Hssaida R, Ameur M, Abbar M (2001) Renal lymphangioma. Prog Urol 11:520–522
Wildhaber BE, Chardot C, Le Coultre C, Genin B (2006) Total laparoscopic excision of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 16:530–533
Ablett MJ, Vosylius P (2004) Perirenal extramedullary haematopoeisis in myelofibrosis demonstrated on computed tomography. Br J Haematol 124:406
O’Malley DP (2007) Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations. Mod Pathol 20:405–415
Valentino M, Sabato M, Murrone S, et al. (2013) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in a case of renal extramedullary hematopoiesis. J Clin Ultrasound 41:171–174
Mesurolle B, Sayag E, Meingan P, et al. (1996) Retroperitoneal extramedullary hematopoiesis: sonographic, CT, and MR imaging appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167:1139–1140
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karaosmanoglu, A.D., Onur, M.R., Tabari, A. et al. Role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative malignancies and hematologic disorders of the kidneys. Abdom Radiol 42, 242–253 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-016-0873-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-016-0873-x