Abstract
Samarskite-(Y), the mineral known for almost 180 years only in metamict (X-ray amorphous) state, was found as non-metamict crystals in sanidinites of the Laach Lake (Laacher See), Eifel volcanic region, Germany. The crystal structure has been solved for the first time and refined to R1 = 1.1% based on 838 observed [I > 2σ(I)] independent reflections. Samarskite-(Y) is monoclinic, P2/c, a 9.8020(8), b 5.6248(3), c 5.2073(4) Å, β 93.406(4)°, V 286.59(4) Å3, Z = 2. The empirical formula (calculated on 8 O apfu) is \(\left[ {\left( {{\text{Y}}_{0. 2 5} Ln_{0. 1 8} } \right)_{\varSigma 0. 4 3} {\text{Th}}_{0. 3 7} {\text{U}}_{0. 1 3}^{ 4+ } {\text{Ca}}_{0.0 3} } \right]_{\varSigma 0. 9 6} \left( {{\text{Fe}}_{0. 7 3}^{ 3+ } {\text{Mn}}_{0. 1 8}^{ 2+ } } \right)_{\varSigma 0. 9 1} \left( {{\text{Nb}}_{ 1. 8 5} {\text{Ti}}_{0.0 6} {\text{Zr}}_{0.0 6} {\text{Ta}}_{0.0 3} {\text{W}}_{0.0 2} } \right)_{\varSigma 2.0 2} {\text{O}}_{ 8}\). Samarskite-(Y) from the type locality, the Blyumovskaya Pit, Ilmeny Mountains, South Urals, Russia, was studied for comparison; electron microprobe data showed the same species-defining constituents and stoichiometry: \(\left[ {\left( {{\text{Y}}_{0. 3 4} Ln_{0. 20} } \right)_{\varSigma 0. 5 4} {\text{U}}_{0. 4 2}^{ 4+ } {\text{Th}}_{0.0 3} } \right]_{\varSigma 0. 9 9} \left( {{\text{Fe}}_{0. 8 6}^{ 3+ } {\text{Mn}}_{0.0 8}^{ 2+ } } \right)_{\varSigma 0. 9 4} \left( {{\text{Nb}}_{ 1. 1 4} {\text{Ta}}_{0. 70} {\text{Ti}}_{0. 1 5} } \right)_{\varSigma 1. 9 9} {\text{O}}_{ 8}\). Samarskite-(Y) is the first example of cation-ordered niobate structurally related to layered double tungstates AMW2O8, the compounds used as luminophors and active media in solid-state lasers. The pseudo-layered framework of the mineral can be derived from that of wolframite via substitution of W for Nb, whereas each second [FeO6] layer is replaced by [YO8] one. The resulting sequence of layers can be expressed as -[AO8]-[BO6]-[MO6]-[BO6]- leading to the formula AMB2O8 in which A = Y, Ln, Th, U4+, Ca; M = Fe3+, Mn2+; and B = Nb, Ta, Ti. The end-member formula of samarskte-(Y) is YFe3+Nb2O8 (approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, International Mineralogical Association, memorandum 90-FH/18).
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Acknowledgements
S.N.B and M.G.K thank Saint-Petersburg State University for financial support (Grant No. 3.42.741.2017). The authors thank the X-ray Diffraction Center of SPSU for providing instrumental and computational resources. We acknowledge Radek Škoda and Giancarlo Capitani for constructive reviews and discussion. We are also grateful to Milan Rieder for the editorial handling of the manuscript.
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Britvin, S.N., Pekov, I.V., Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G. et al. Redefinition and crystal chemistry of samarskite-(Y), YFe3+Nb2O8: cation-ordered niobate structurally related to layered double tungstates. Phys Chem Minerals 46, 727–741 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-019-01034-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-019-01034-0