Abstract
Four independent molecular data sets were sequenced in order to solve longstanding phylogenetic problems among Antarctic teleosts of the family Nototheniidae. The anatomical data of Balushkin (2000) were also coded into a matrix of 106 characters in order to test the parsimony of his taxonomic conclusions. Molecular results confirm Balushkin’s Pleuragrammatinae but not his Nototheniinae. Different genes used here found the “clade A” establishing the paraphyly of the Nototheniinae sensu lato; i.e. Lepidonotothen and Patagonotothen are more closely related to the Trematominae than to Notothenia. The genus Notothenia is paraphyletic and Paranotothenia should become Notothenia. Previously no molecular data set could assign a reliable position for the genus Gobionotothen. For the first time robust results are obtained for the phylogeny among the Trematominae. Trematomus scotti is the sister-group of all others, then Trematomus newnesi emerges, then Trematomus eulepidotus. Among the crown group, three clades emerge: 1: Trematomus hansoni + Trematomus bernacchii + Trematomus vicarius; 2: Trematomus pennellii + Trematomus lepidorhinus + Trematomus loennbergii; 3: Trematomus (Pagothenia) borchgrevinki + Trematomus nicolai. Pagothenia should become Trematomus to make the genus Trematomus monophyletic. The Trematomus tree found here did not match the topology obtained with Balushkin’s morphological matrix. The tree shows that the tendencies shown by some trematomines to secondarily colonize the water column are not gained through common ancestry.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Tom Near for having provided samples, Erwan Le Guilloux, François Vadurel and Philippe Koubbi for having sampled on the field in Terre Adélie. The present work was based on samples collected thanks to the ICEFISH 2004 cruise. Some of the samples were acquired thanks to the EPOS cruise for which we are grateful to the Alfred Wegener Institute and the European Science Foundation, along with the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle and the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises. Samples from the Magellan Strait were collected thanks to the MNHN and the Instituto de la Patagonia, Punta Arenas. We thank the Institut Paul Emile Victor for support to the ICOTA program, and Philippe Koubbi for management. We thank Eric Pasquet and Annie Tillier for help in the “Service de Systématique moléculaire” of the IFR101. The ICEFISH cruise was supported by National Science Foundation grant OPP 01-32032 to H. William Detrich (Northeastern University). This is publication number 12 from the ICEFISH Cruise of 2004 (H.W. Detrich, Chief Scientist).
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Sanchez, S., Dettaï, A., Bonillo, C. et al. Molecular and morphological phylogenies of the Antarctic teleostean family Nototheniidae, with emphasis on the Trematominae. Polar Biol 30, 155–166 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0170-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-006-0170-1