Abstract
Recent glaciations in northwestern Russia completely covered the Barents Sea during four glacial advances. At the peaks of those glacial advances, there were no nearshore macrofauna. Consequently, colonization by species that now inhabit present-day nearshore waters must have occurred since the habitat became available and hospitable, less than 15 thousand years ago (ka). We analyzed microsatellite data from navaga, Eleginus nawaga (Gadiformes: Gadidae), collected from Khaipudyrskaya Bay in the southeastern Barents Sea with coalescent-based models to estimate the times and effective population sizes that existed before and after major historical demographic changes. Colonization of E. nawaga, which could only follow establishment of a lower trophic-level food web, provides an indicator of that timing. The results of the analyses were consistent with two major demographic events. After an initial founding event before ~ 144 ka, the population grew to an effective size of about 2700 individuals. Subsequently, as the ice receded after the Last Glacial Maximum, it probably plateaued at ~ 26,000 about 3000 years ago. Colonization likely came from eastern populations following the Saalian Period, after which there was little nearshore ice to the East of the Kara Sea.
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Acknowledgements
F. Meuter and D. Tallmon provided constructive comments. This study was funded in part by the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM) Award # M12AC00009 and in part with qualified outer continental shelf oil and gas revenues by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (contracts #s:10-CIAP-010; F12AF00188), and the Department of Energy (award no. DE-FC09-07SR22506). The work (NVC) was carried out within the framework of the Federal theme for the Zoological Institute RAS no. 122031100285-3. This work was also supported in part by the high-performance computing and data storage resources operated by the Research Computing Systems Group at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute.
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AJG conceived the project, conducted much of the analysis drafted the manuscript. NVC provided the samples and contributed to the writing. NAS and SL conducted the laboratory analysis and contributed to the analysis. PDB contributed to the Migraine analysis and writing.
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Gharrett, A.J., Chernova, N.V., Smé, N.A. et al. Demography of a nearshore gadid navaga, Eleginus nawaga, from the Barents Sea coast during the last glacial period. Polar Biol 46, 291–301 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03123-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03123-x