Abstract
We propose a self-assembled and anisotropically metal loaded large area PS-b-P4VP diblock copolymer film as a medium with hyperbolic dispersion for application in superlensing and nanolithography. We obtained domain sizes from 30 to 100 nm with successful demonstration of metal loading inside the nano-templates. The separation between the individual nanorods and their radius was effectively controlled by varying the molecular weights and compositions of the polymers. We apply Maxwell–Garnett homogenization and FDTD simulations to show the sub-wavelength imaging and lithography potential of these hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). A proof of principle nanolithography result demonstrates sub-wavelength imaging and lithography using the proposed HMMs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.A. Shelby, D.R. Smith, S. Schultz, Science. 292, 77 (2001)
G. Dolling, M. Wegener, C.M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, Opt. Lett. 32, 53–55 (2007)
V.A. Podolskiy, E.E. Narimanov, Opt. Lett. 30, 75 (2005)
J.B. Pendry, D. Schurig, D.R. Smith, Science. 312(5781), 1780–1782 (2006)
C. Caloz, T. Itoh, Electromagnetic. Metamaterial. (IEEE Press, Wiley, Hoboken NJ, 2006)
E.E. Narimanov, A.V. Kildishev, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(4), 041106 (2009)
C. Caloz, T. Itoh, Electromagnetic. Metamaterial. (IEEE Press, Wiley, Hoboken NJ, 2006)
J.B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966–3969 (2000)
N.X. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Science. 308, 534–537 (2005)
P. Chaturvedi, W. Wu, V.J. Logeeswaran, Z. Yu, M.S. Islam, S.Y. Wang, R.S. Williams, N.X. Fang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 043102 (2010)
L. Hong, B. Wang, L. Ke, J. Ding, C.C. Chum, S.L. Teo, L. Shen, S.A. Maier, J.H. Teng, Nano. Lett. 12(3), 1549–1554 (2012)
L. Hong, B. Wang, L. Ke, J. Ding, C.C. Chum, S.L. Teo, L. Shen, S.A. Maier, J.H. Teng, Adv. Func. Mat. 22(18), 3777–3783 (2012)
F.V. Bunkin, Sov. Phys. JETP. 5, 277–283 (1957)
P. Clemmow, Proc. IEE. 110, 101–106 (1963)
D.R. Smith, D. Schurig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 077405 (2003)
B.D.F. Casse, W.T. Lu, Y.J. Huang, E. Gultepe, L. Menon, S. Sridhar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 023114 (2010)
R. Wangberg, J. Elser, E.E. Narimanov, V.A. Podolskiy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 23, 498 (2006)
Y. Liu, G. Bartal, X. Zhang, Opt. Express. 16, 15439 (2008)
S. Ishii et al, Laser Photonics Rev. 7(2), 265–271 (2013)
Z. Jacob, L.V. Alekseyev, E. Narimanov, Opt. Express. 14, 8247–8256 (2006)
A. Salandrino, N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. B 74, 075103 (2006)
Z. Jacob, I.I. Smolyaninov, E.E. Narimanov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 181105 (2012)
P.A. Mistark, S. Park, S.E. Yalcin, D.H. Lee, O. Yavuzcetin, M.T. Tuominen, T.P. Russell, M. Achermann, ACS. Nano. 3(12), 3987–3992 (2009)
S. Park, B. Kim, O. Yavuzcetin, M.T. Tuominen, T.P. Russell, ACS. Nano. 2(7), 1363–1370 (2008)
S. Park, J. Wang, B. Kim, W. Chen, T.P. Russell, Macromolecules. 40, 9059–9063 (2007)
F.S. Bates, G.H. Fredrickson, Phys. Today. 52(2), 32–38 (1999)
A. Fahmi, T. Pietsch, C. Mendoza, N. Cheval, Mater. Today. 12, 44–50 (2009)
L. Song, Y.M. Lam, Nanotechnology. 18(7), 075304 (2007)
B.H. Kim, D.O. Shin, S. Jeong, C.M. Koo, S.C. Jeon, W.H. Hwang, S. Lee, M.G. Lee, S.O. Kim, Adv. Mater. 20, 2303–2307 (2008)
B.H. Kim, J.Y. Kim, S. Jeong, J.O. Hwang, D.H. Lee, D.O. Shin, S. Choi, S.O. Kim, ACS. Nano. 4(9), 5464–5470 (2010)
S.O. Kim, H.H. Solak, M.P. Stoykovich, N.J. Ferrier, J.J. De Pablo, P.F. Nealey, Nature. 424, 411–414 (2003)
J. Bang, U. Jeong, D.Y. Ryu, T.P. Russell, C.J. Hawker, Adv. Mater. 21, 4769–4792 (2009)
J. Elser, V.A. Podolskiy, I. Salakhutdinov, E.E. Narimanov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 261102 (2006)
A. Sihvola, Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications, Institute of Electrical Engineers (1999)
C.A. Foss, G.L. Hornyak, J.A. Stockert, C.R. Martin, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 2963–2971 (1994)
P.B. Johnson, R.W. Christy, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972)
I.H. Malitson, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205–1208 (1965)
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the financial support by the metamaterials program: superlens (092 154 0099) funded by Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*Star).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, L.Y.L., Leng, B. & Bisht, A. Metal–polymer nano-composite films with ordered vertically aligned metal cylinders for sub-wavelength imaging. Appl. Phys. A 116, 893–900 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8457-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8457-5