Abstract
This paper aims to investigate cycle-to-cycle variations of non-reacting flow inside a motored single-cylinder transparent engine in order to judge the insertion amplitude of a control device able to displace linearly inside the inlet pipe. Three positions corresponding to three insertion amplitudes are implemented to modify the main aerodynamic properties from one cycle to the next. Numerous particle image velocimetry (PIV) two-dimensional velocity fields following cycle database are post-treated to discriminate specific contributions of the fluctuating flow. We performed a multiple snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in the tumble plane of a pent roof SI engine. The analytical process consists of a triple decomposition for each instantaneous velocity field into three distinctive parts named mean part, coherent part and turbulent part. The 3rd- and 4th-centered statistical moments of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-filtered velocity field as well as the probability density function of the PIV realizations proved that the POD extracts different behaviors of the flow. Especially, the cyclic variability is assumed to be contained essentially in the coherent part. Thus, the cycle-to-cycle variations of the engine flows might be provided from the corresponding POD temporal coefficients. It has been shown that the in-cylinder aerodynamic dispersions can be adapted and monitored by controlling the insertion depth of the control instrument inside the inlet pipe.
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Abbreviations
- SI engine:
-
Spark ignition engine
- PIV:
-
Particle image velocimetry
- POD:
-
Proper orthogonal decomposition
- POD-MS:
-
Multiple snapshot POD
- IC:
-
Internal combustion
- IGR:
-
Internal gas recirculation
- EGR:
-
Exhaust gas recirculation
- CAD:
-
Crank angle degree
- ATDC or BTDC:
-
After top dead center or before top dead center
- IVO or IVC:
-
Inlet valve opening or closing
- EVO or EVC:
-
Exhaust valve opening or closing
- Nd-YAG laser:
-
Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser
- CCD camera:
-
Charge Couple Device camera
- S k (K = 1…3) or S1:
-
S2, S3, insertion depths of the control flap
- X m :
-
Spatial variables corresponding to one node point
- t i :
-
Temporal variables corresponding to the ith cycle
- \( \vec{U} \) :
-
Two-dimensional PIV velocity vector
- U 1 or U 2 :
-
Horizontal or vertical component
- a (n) (S k , t i ):
-
nth POD mode for S k at cycle t i
- λ(n) :
-
Eigenvalue of the nth POD mode
- \( \Upphi_{1}^{(n)} (X_{m} ) \) or \( \Upphi_{2}^{(n)} (X_{m} ) \) :
-
Eigenvectors of mode n at X m relative to U 1 or U 2
- \( U' \) :
-
Velocity component of a homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow
- \( S_{U'} \) :
-
Skewness or 3rd-centered statistical moment of \( U' \)
- \( F_{U'} \) :
-
Flatness or 4th-centered statistical moment of \( U' \)
- E :
-
Total kinetic energy
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr. Jérôme Bonnéty for supports on experimental study and helpful discussions during the database post-treatment. This work was performed on behalf of the PREDIT program named OPERA and supported by Danielson Engineering, PSA and the French agency ADEME.
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Vu, TT., Guibert, P. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for cycle-to-cycle variations of engine flow. Effect of a control device in an inlet pipe. Exp Fluids 52, 1519–1532 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1268-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1268-6