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Älterwerden mit rheumatoider Arthritis – brennt die Erkrankung aus?

Getting older with rheumatoid arthritis—is there a burnout of the disease?

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Zusammenfassung

Die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronisch entzündliche Systemerkrankung mit im Vordergrund stehender gelenkdestruierender Synovitis. Immer wieder ist davon die Rede, dass sie mit der Zeit „ausbrennt“. Gemeint ist die Annahme, dass die Entzündung nach langem, meist schwerem Verlauf spontan nachlässt und auch ohne Therapie inaktiv bleibt. Dafür haben wir die Evidenz in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur analysiert. In historischen Langzeitkohorten mit Patienten, die keine antirheumatische Medikation erhalten haben, und ebenso mit Patienten unter konventioneller DMARD(„disease-modifying antirheumatic drug“)-Therapie, zeigt sich dabei, dass die Mehrheit der Patienten entzündlich aktiv bleibt und eine anhaltende radiologische Progression aufweist. Allenfalls Übergänge in mildere Verläufe oder aber Inaktivität nach besonders gutem Therapieansprechen sind beschrieben, nicht aber das Sistieren der Entzündung nach langjährigem aggressivem Verlauf. Der Verzicht auf eine DMARD-Therapie in dieser Situation birgt die Gefahr einer unterschwellig fortschreitenden Gelenkzerstörung, des Auftretens extraartikulärer Manifestationen und einer Erhöhung des kardiovaskulären Risikos. In der modernen RA-Therapie nach dem Treat-to-target-Prinzip mit dem Ziel einer Remissionsinduktion, Remissionserhaltung und Besserung der Langzeitprognose sollte der Begriff des „Ausbrennens“ nicht mehr verwendet werden.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Synovitis is the main pathology and can lead to a progressive destruction of the joints. It is often said that RA “burns out”, implying that the inflammation decreases spontaneously in the long term, mostly severe course of RA and reaches a stage with a stable absence of joint inflammation, even without treatment. To test this concept we analyzed the published evidence. Data of historic long-term inception cohorts of patients who have never been treated with antirheumatic drugs and patients who received conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), show that the disease stays active with sustained radiological progression in the majority of patients. At best, the disease can show a milder course with time or a stage of absence of joint inflammation can be reached if patients responded very well to initial drug treatment. Terminating DMARD treatment in this situation bears the risk of a latent progressive joint destruction, the appearance of extra-articular manifestations and an increase in the cardiovascular risk. Hence there is no evidence for the existence of a “burnt out” RA with stable inactive disease without drug treatment in the long-term course. In a modern treatment strategy of RA following the treat-to-target principle and aiming at remission, the term “burnt out” RA should no longer be used.

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Danksagung

Wir danken Dr. Dietmar Krause für seine Mithilfe bei der Zusammenstellung der Daten der Ratinger Langzeitkohorte.

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Correspondence to J. Bauhammer.

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J. Bauhammer und C. Fiehn geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren. Alle Patienten, die über Bildmaterial oder anderweitige Angaben innerhalb des Manuskripts zu identifizieren sind, haben hierzu ihre schriftliche Einwilligung gegeben. Im Fall von nichtmündigen Patienten liegt die Einwilligung eines Erziehungsberechtigten oder des gesetzlich bestellten Betreuers vor.

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E. Märker-Hermann, Wiesbaden

H.-J. Lakomek, Minden

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Bauhammer, J., Fiehn, C. Älterwerden mit rheumatoider Arthritis – brennt die Erkrankung aus?. Z Rheumatol 77, 355–362 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-018-0465-y

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