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Use of anticoagulant therapy and cerebral microbleeds: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Anticoagulant therapy increases the risk that cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) progress to intracerebral hemorrhage, but whether the therapy increases risk of CMB occurrence is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the potential association between anticoagulant use and CMB occurrence in stroke and stroke-free individuals.

Methods

We searched observational studies in PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from their inception until September 2019. We calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the prevalence and incidence of CMBs in anticoagulant users relative to non-anticoagulant users.

Results

Forty-seven studies with 25,245 participants were included. The pooled analysis showed that anticoagulant use was associated with CMB prevalence (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.26–1.88). The association was observed in subgroups stratified by type of participants: stroke-free, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.25–2.77; ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.67; and intracerebral hemorrhage, OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.06–4.83. Anticoagulant use was associated with increased prevalence of strictly lobar CMBs (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.22–2.32) but not deep/infratentorial CMBs. Warfarin was associated with increased CMB prevalence (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.23–2.18), but novel oral anticoagulants were not. Anticoagulant users showed higher incidence of CMBs during long-term follow-up (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.22–2.44).

Conclusion

Anticoagulant use is associated with higher prevalence and incidence of CMBs. This association appears to depend on location of CMBs and type of anticoagulants. More longitudinal investigations with adjustment for confounders are required to establish the causality.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC1300500-505); Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project, National Natural Science Foundation of China (81620108009); Key Research and Development Program, Science &Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2017SZ0007); and the 1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYGD18009).

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  1. Yajun Cheng and Yanan Wang contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Yajun Cheng, Yanan Wang, Quhong Song & Ming Liu

  2. West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Ke Qiu

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  1. Yajun Cheng
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  2. Yanan Wang
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Correspondence to Ming Liu.

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Cheng, Y., Wang, Y., Song, Q. et al. Use of anticoagulant therapy and cerebral microbleeds: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 268, 1666–1679 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09572-x

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