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Genetic polymorphisms to predict gains in maximal O2 uptake and knee peak torque after a high intensity training program in humans

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Abstract

Purpose

The study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly influenced the level of improvement of two kinds of training responses, including maximal O2 uptake (VʹO2max) and knee peak torque of healthy adults participating in the high intensity training (HIT) program. The study also aimed to use these SNPs to develop prediction models for individual training responses.

Methods

79 Healthy volunteers participated in the HIT program. A genome-wide association study, based on 2,391,739 SNPs, was performed to identify SNPs that were significantly associated with gains in VʹO2max and knee peak torque, following 9 weeks of the HIT program. To predict two training responses, two independent SNPs sets were determined using linear regression and iterative binary logistic regression analysis. False discovery rate analysis and permutation tests were performed to avoid false-positive findings.

Results

To predict gains in VʹO2max, 7 SNPs were identified. These SNPs accounted for 26.0 % of the variance in the increment of VʹO2max, and discriminated the subjects into three subgroups, non-responders, medium responders, and high responders, with prediction accuracy of 86.1 %. For the knee peak torque, 6 SNPs were identified, and accounted for 27.5 % of the variance in the increment of knee peak torque. The prediction accuracy discriminating the subjects into the three subgroups was estimated as 77.2 %.

Conclusions

Novel SNPs found in this study could explain, and predict inter-individual variability in gains of VʹO2max, and knee peak torque. Furthermore, with these genetic markers, a methodology suggested in this study provides a sound approach for the personalized training program.

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Abbreviations

AIC:

Akaike information criterion

BMI:

Body mass index

CIs:

Confidence intervals

DAVID:

The database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

FDR:

False discovery rate

GO:

Gene ontology

GPS:

Genetic predisposition scores

GWAS:

Genome-wide association study

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

HERITAGE:

Health risk factors, exercise training and genetics

HIT:

High intensity training

HOMA:

Homeostatic model assessment

HR:

Heart rate

HWE:

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium

LOOCV:

Leave-one-out cross-validation

MAF:

Minor allele frequency

QTL:

Quantitative trait locus

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SD:

Standard deviation

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

VʹCO2 :

Carbon dioxide output

VʹO2 :

Oxygen uptake

VʹO2max:

Maximal O2 uptake

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by DAEWOONG Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., and designed by the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, and the Bio-Age Medical Research Institute, Bio-Age Inc. All the data were analyzed and interpreted by all the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bio-Age Medical Research Institute, Bio-Age Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jinho Yoo, Soo-Hwan Kim & Yangseok Kim

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Hospital, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-872, Republic of Korea

    Bo-Hyung Kim & Sung-Vin Yim

  3. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Yangseok Kim

Authors
  1. Jinho Yoo
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  2. Bo-Hyung Kim
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  3. Soo-Hwan Kim
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  5. Sung-Vin Yim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung-Vin Yim.

Additional information

Communicated by David C. Poole.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02241850.

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Yoo, J., Kim, BH., Kim, SH. et al. Genetic polymorphisms to predict gains in maximal O2 uptake and knee peak torque after a high intensity training program in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 116, 947–957 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3353-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3353-7

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