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Carbon dioxide diffuse emission from the soil: ten years of observations at Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei (Pozzuoli), and linkages with volcanic activity

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Abstract

Carbon dioxide flux from the soil is regularly monitored in selected areas of Vesuvio and Solfatara (Campi Flegrei, Pozzuoli) with the twofold aim of i) monitoring spatial and temporal variations of the degassing process and ii) investigating if the surface phenomena could provide information about the processes occurring at depth. At present, the surveyed areas include 15 fixed points around the rim of Vesuvio and 71 fixed points in the floor of Solfatara crater. Soil CO2 flux has been measured since 1998, at least once a month, in both areas. In addition, two automatic permanent stations, located at Vesuvio and Solfatara, measure the CO2 flux and some environmental parameters that can potentially influence the CO2 diffuse degassing. Series acquired by continuous stations are characterized by an annual periodicity that is related to the typical periodicities of some meteorological parameters. Conversely, series of CO2 flux data arising from periodic measurements over the arrays of Vesuvio and Solfatara are less dependent on external factors such as meteorological parameters, local soil properties (porosity, hydraulic conductivity) and topographic effects (high or low ground). Therefore we argue that the long-term trend of this signal contains the “best” possible representation of the endogenous signal related to the upflow of deep hydrothermal fluids.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank C. Werner and J.P. Toutain for their helpful criticism, corrections and suggestions, which greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Via della Faggiola, 32, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    D. Granieri

  2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Sezione di Napoli, via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Napoli, Italy

    R. Avino & G. Chiodini

Authors
  1. D. Granieri
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  2. R. Avino
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  3. G. Chiodini
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Granieri.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: P. Delmelle

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

445_2009_304_MOESM1_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 1. 7030_meteo_station.txt; Data relative to automatic meteorological station (7030) at Vesuvio crater. 5 columns: Date (dd/mm/yy); Tair Ta (°C); Air Relative Humidity Ha (%); Atmospheric Pressure Pa (mbar); Rainfall Rain (mm). (TXT 16 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM2_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 2. FCO2_Solfatara_array.txt; Data relative to CO2 soil flux at the array of Solfatara. 72 columns: Date (dd/mm/yyyy) and 71 fixed points (from #1 to #73, skipping #53 and #54); unit for CO2 flux is g m-2-d-1 (grams per square meter per day). (TXT 34 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM3_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 3. FCO2_Vesuvio_array.txt; Data relative to CO2 soil flux at the array of Vesuvio. 16 columns: Date (dd/mm/yyyy) and 15 fixed points (from #1 to #15); unit for CO2 flux is g m-2-d-1 (grams per square meter per day). (TXT 8 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM4_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 4. FLXOV1_station.txt; Data relative to automatic CO2 soil flux station (FLXOV1) at Solfatara 7 columns: Date (dd/mm/yy); CO2 soil flux FCO2 (g m-2 d-1); Air Relative Humidity Ha (%); Air temperature Ta (°C);Atmospheric Pressure Pa (mbar); Soil Humidity Hs(%); Wind Speed Vw (m/s). (TXT 551 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM5_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 5. FLXOV4_station.txt; Data relative to automatic CO2 soil flux station (FLXOV4) at Vesuvio 2 columns: Date (dd/mm/yy); CO2 soil flux FCO2 (g m-2 d-1). (TXT 16 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM6_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 6. Ts_Solfatara_array.txt; Data relative to soil temperature at the array of Solfatara. 72 columns: Date (dd/mm/yyyy) and 71 fixed points (from #1 to #73, skipping #53 and #54); unit for soil temperature is °C. (TXT 35 kb)

445_2009_304_MOESM7_ESM.txt

Supplementary Material 7. Ts_Vesuvio_array.txt; Data relative to soil temperature at the array of Vesuvio. 16 columns: Date (dd/mm/yyyy) and 15 fixed points (from #1 to #15); unit for soil temperature is °C. (TXT 9 kb)

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Granieri, D., Avino, R. & Chiodini, G. Carbon dioxide diffuse emission from the soil: ten years of observations at Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei (Pozzuoli), and linkages with volcanic activity. Bull Volcanol 72, 103–118 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-009-0304-8

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