Skip to main content
Log in

Resistance of Scots pine wood to Brown-rot fungi after long-term forest fertilization

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The susceptibility of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sap- and heartwood against the wood decaying brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana) was investigated after long-term forest fertilization at three different sites in central Finland. Different wood properties: wood extractives, wood chemistry, and wood anatomy were used to explain sap- and heartwood decay. Scots pine sapwood was more susceptible to decay than its heartwood. In one site, sapwood seemed to be more resistant to wood decay after forest fertilization whereas the susceptibility of heartwood increased. Significant changes in the sapwood chemistry were found between treatment and sites, however, no relationship between wood chemistry and wood decay was observed in the factor analysis. The results of this study show that there was an inconsistent relationship between decay susceptibility and fertilization and the measured physical and chemical attributes of the wood were not consistently correlated with the decay rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anttonen S, Manninen A-M, Saranpää P, Kainulainen P, Linder S, Vapaavuori E (2002) Effects of long-term nutrient optimisation on stem wood chemistry in Picea abies. Trees 16:386–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell AA (1980) The time sequence of defense. In: Horsfall JG, Cowling EB (eds) Plant diseases: An advanced treatise, vol. 5. How plants defend themselves. Academic press, New York, NY, pp 534, 53–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Cajander AK (1949) Forest types and their significance. Suomen metsätieteellinen seura, Helsinki, 71 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericsson T, Fries A (1999) High heritability for heartwood in north Swedish Scots pine. Theor Appl Genet 98:732–735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin GL (1945) Preparation of thin sections of synthetic resins and wood-resin composites, and a new macerating method for wood. Nature (London) 155:51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fries A (1999) Heartwood and sapwood variation in mature provenance trials of Pinus sylvestris. Silvae Genet 48(1):30:7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Green F III, Highley TL (1997) Mechanism of brown-rot decay: paradigm or paradox. Int Biodeter Biodegr 39:113–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannrup B, Ekberg I, Persson A (2000) Genetic correlations among wood, growth capacity and stem traits in Pinus sylvestris. Scand J For Res 15:161–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen J, Møller I (1975) Percolation of starch and soluble carbohydrates from plant tissue for quantitative determination with anthrone. Anal Biochem 68:87–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harju AM, Kainulainen P, Venäläinen M, Tiitta M, Viitanen H (2002) Differences in resin acid concentration between brown-rot resistant and susceptible Scots pine heartwood. Holzforschung 56:479–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harju AM, Venäläinen M, Anttonen S, Vapaavuori E, Viitanen H, Kainulainen P, Saranpää P (2003) Chemical factors affecting brown-rot decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood. Trees 17:263–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart JH, Shrimpton DM (1979) Role of stilbenes in resistance of wood to decay. Phytopathology 69:1138–1143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis WE (1987) Heartwood and tree exudates. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 268 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Manninen A-M, Tarhanen S, Vuorinen M, Kainulainen P (2002) Comparing the variation of needle and wood terpenoids in Scots pine provenances. J Chem Ecol 28:211–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mäkinen H, Saranpää P, Linder S (2002a) Wood-density variation of Norway spruce in relation to nutrient optimization and fibre dimensions. Can J For Res 32:185–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mäkinen H, Saranpää P, Linder S (2002b) Effect of growth rate on fibre characteristics in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Holzforschung 56:449–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nerg A-M, Heijari J, Noldt U, Viitanen H, Vuorinen M, Kainulainen P, Holopainen JK (2004) Significance of wood terpenoids in the resistance of Scots pine provenances against the Old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus, and Brown-rot fungus, Coniophora puteana. J Chem Ecol 30:125–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paajanen L, Viitanen H (1989) Decay fungi in Finnish houses on the basis of inspected samples from 1978 to 1988, The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, IRG Doc. No: IRG/WP/1401, 1989, 4 pp

  • Petric B, Scukanec V (1973) Volume percentage of tissues in wood of conifers in Yugoslavia. IAWA Bull 2:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao PS (1982) Natural durability of woods versus their chemical composition. J Ind Acad Wood Sci 13:3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Rennerfelt E, Nacht G (1955) The fungicidal activity of some constituents form heartwood of conifers. Svensk Bot Tidskr 49:419–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Saarsalmi A, Mälkönen E (2001) Forest fertilization research in Finland: A literature review. Scand J For Res 16:514–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCAN-CM (1994) Asetoniin liukenevan aineen määrittäminen (in Finnish). Scandinavian pulp, paper and board testing committee, 50, 4 pp

  • Shain L (1995) Stem defense against pathogens. In: Gartner BL (ed) Plant stems: Physiology and functional morphology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp 383–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AM, Gartner BL, Morrell JJ (2002) Heartwood formation and natural durability – a review. Wood Fiber Sci 34:587–611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor AM, Gartner BL, Morrell JJ (2003) Co-incident variations in growth rate and heartwood extractive concentration in Douglas-fir. Forest Ecol Manage 186:257–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turtola S, Manninen A-M, Holopainen JK, Levula T, Raitio H, Kainulainen P (2002) Secondary metabolite concentrations and terpene emissions of Scots pine xylem after long-term forest fertilization. J Environ Qual 31:1694–1701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venäläinen M, Harju A, Nikkanen T, Paajanen L, Velling P, Viitanen H (2001) Genetic variation in the decay resistance of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) wood. Holzforschung 55:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venäläinen M, Harju AM, Kainulainen P, Viitanen H, Nikulainen H (2003) Variation in the decay resistance and its relationship with other wood characteristics in old Scots pines. Ann For Sci 60:409–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venäläinen M, Harju AM, Saranpää P, Kainulainen P, Tiitta M, Velling P (2004) The concentration of phenolics in brown-rot decay resistant and susceptible Scots pine heartwood. Wood Sci Technol 38:109–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viitanen H, Paajanen L, Nikkanen T, Velling P (1998) Decay resistance of Siberian larch wood against brown rot fungi. Part 2. The effect of genetic variation. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm. Doc. IRG/WP 98-10287. 6 p

  • Yang RC, Wang EIC, Micko MM (1988) Effects of fertilization on wood density and tracheid length of 70-year-old lodgepole pine in west-central Alberta. Can J For Res 18:954–956

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Graduate School in Forest Sciences and the Academy of Finland (Research Council for Biosciences and Environment, projects no. 43159 and 45066) have financially supported this research. We thank Terhi Vuorinen, Hanna Nikulainen, Jaana Rissanen and Juhani Tarhanen for help with the chemical analysis, the Finnish Forest Research Institute personnel for carrying out the sampling at study sites and Ewen MacDonald for revising the language

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juha Heijari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Heijari, J., Nerg, AM., Kaakinen, S. et al. Resistance of Scots pine wood to Brown-rot fungi after long-term forest fertilization. Trees 19, 729–735 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-005-0002-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-005-0002-x

Keywords

Navigation