Abstract
Purpose
This substudy of an intervention trial aimed to describe barriers to participation in psychological care among primary caregivers of children who were about to undergo a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including demographic and medical correlates.
Method
Three hundred and twelve primary caregivers of children undergoing HSCT who were approached to participate in a psychological intervention trial (n = 218 enrollees and 94 decliners) completed a measure of barriers to psychological care.
Results
The most frequently endorsed barriers to care were focusing on the child as priority, not wanting to leave the child’s bedside, and already having adequate psychosocial support. The least frequently endorsed barriers were location, wait times, and stigma around seeking psychological care.
Conclusions
Results suggest that explaining how psychological care for a primary caregiver can positively affect their ill child may reduce barriers to seeking needed support services. Certain practical barriers to care may be irrelevant in inpatient settings where psychological support is offered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Maltezou HC, Kafetzis DA, Abisaid D, Mantzouranis EC, Chan KW, Rolston KV (2000) Viral infections in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19:307–312
Pasquini MC, Wang Z (2013) Current use and outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: CIBMTR Summary Slides. http://www.cibmtr.org. Accessed 28 Jan 2015
Baker KS, Bresters D, Sande JE (2010) The burden of cure: long-term side effects following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children. Pediatr Clin N Am 57:323–342
Packman W, Weber S, Wallace J, Bugescu N (2010) Psychological effects of hematopoietic SCT on pediatric patients, siblings and parents: a review. Bone Marrow Transplant 45:1134–1146
Phipps S, Dunavant M, Lensing S, Rai SN (2004) Patterns of distress in parents of children undergoing stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 43:267–274
Vrijmoet-Wiersma CMJ, Egeler RM, Koopman HM, Norberg AL, Grootenhuis MA (2009) Parental stress before, during, and after pediatric stem cell transplantation: a review article. Support Care Cancer 17:1435–1443
Nelson AE, Gleaves L, Nuss S (2003) Mothers’ responses during the child’s stem cell transplantation: pilot study. Pediatr Nurs 29:219–223
Manne S, DuHamel K, Ostroff J, Parsons S, Martini DR, Williams SE, Mee L, Sexson S, Austin J, Difede J (2004) Anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress disorders among mothers of pediatric survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatrics 113:1700–1708
Riva R, Forinder U, Arvidson J, Mellgren K, Toporski J, Winiarski J, Norberg AL (2014) Patterns of psychological responses in parents of children that underwent stem cell transplantation. Psycho-Oncology 23:1307–1313
Mayer DK, Tighiouart H, Terrin N, Stewart S, Peterson E, Jeruss S, Parsons SK (2009) A brief report of caregiver needs and resource utilization during pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 26:223–229
Kazdin AE, Holland L, Crowley M (1997) Family experience of barriers to treatment and premature termination from child therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 65:453–463
Mosher CE, DuHamel KN, Rini CM, Li Y, Isola L, Labay L, Rowley S, Papadopoulos E, Moskowitz C, Scigliano E (2010) Barriers to mental health service use among hematopoietic SCT survivors. Bone Marrow Transplant 45:570–579
Mojtabai R (2007) Americans’ attitudes toward mental health treatment seeking: 1990–2003. Psychiatr Serv 58:642–651
Kazak AE, Simms S, Alderfer MA, Rourke MT, Crump T, McClure K, Jones P, Rodriguez A, Boeving A, Hwang W-T (2005) Feasibility and preliminary outcomes from a pilot study of a brief psychological intervention for families of children newly diagnosed with cancer. J Pediatr Psychol 30:644–655
Sahler OJZ, Dolgin MJ, Phipps S, Fairclough DL, Askins MA, Katz ER, Noll RB, Butler RW (2013) Specificity of problem-solving skills training in mothers of children newly diagnosed with cancer: results of a multisite randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 31:1329–1335
Stehl ML, Kazak AE, Alderfer MA, Rodriguez A, Hwang W-T, Pai ALH, Boeving A, Reilly A (2009) Conducting a randomized clinical trial of an psychological intervention for parents/caregivers of children with cancer shortly after diagnosis. J Pediatr Psychol 34:803–816
Warner CM, Ludwig K, Sweeney C, Spillane C, Hogan L, Ryan J, Carroll W (2011) Treating persistent distress and anxiety in parents of children with cancer an initial feasibility trial. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 28:224–230
Othman A, Blunden S, Mohamad N, Hussin M, Azhar Z, Jamil Osman Z (2010) Piloting a psycho-education program for parents of pediatric cancer patients in Malaysia. Psycho-Oncology 19:326–331
Sahler O, Fairclough D, Phipps S, Mulhern R, Dolgin M, Noll R, Katz E, Varni J, Copeland D, Butler R (2005) Using problem-solving skills training to reduce negative affectivity in mothers of children with newly diagnosed cancer: report of a multisite randomized trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 73:272–283
Streisand R, Rodrigue JR, Houck C, Graham-Pole J, Berlant N (2000) Brief report: parents of children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: documenting stress and piloting a psychological intervention program. J Pediatr Psychol 25:331–337
Sahler O, Varni J, Fairclough D, Butler R, Noll R, Dolgin M, Phipps S, Copeland D, Katz E, Mulhern R (2002) Problem-solving skills training for mothers of children with newly diagnosed cancer: a randomized trial. J Dev Behav Pediatr 23:77–86
Kazak AE, Alderfer MA, Streisand R, Simms S, Rourke MT, Barakat LP, Gallagher P, Cnaan A (2004) Treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their families: a randomized clinical trial. J Fam Psychol 18:493–504
Kerr LMJ, Harrison MB, Medves J, Tranmer J (2004) Supportive care needs of parents of children with cancer: transition from diagnosis to treatment. Oncol Nurs Forum 31:E116–E126
Kerr LMJ, Harrison MB, Medves J, Tranmer JE, Fitch MI (2007) Understanding the supportive care needs of parents of children with cancer: an approach to local needs assessment. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 24:279–293
Eakin EG, Strycker LA (2001) Awareness and barriers to use of cancer support and information resources by HMO patients with breast, prostate, or colon cancer: patient and provider perspectives. Psycho-Oncology 10:103–113
Kazak AE, Boyer BA, Brophy P, Johnson K, Scher CD, Covelman K, Scott S (1995) Parental perceptions of procedure-related distress and family adaptation in childhood leukemia. Child Health Care 24:143–158
Glasgow RE (2008) Perceived barriers to self-management and preventive behaviors. In M: Gerrard, K McCaul, P Etcheverry, S Korbrin (Eds), Health behavior constructs: theory, measurement and research. Retrieved from http://dccps.cancer.gov/brp/constructs/barriers/index.html
Marques L, LeBlanc NJ, Weingarden HM, Timpano KR, Jenike M, Wilhelm S (2010) Barriers to treatment and service utilization in an internet sample of individuals with obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Depress Anxiety 27:470–475
Jones BL (2012) The challenge of quality care for family caregivers in pediatric cancer care. Semin Oncol Nurs 28:213–220
Askins MA, Moore BD 3rd (2008) Psychosocial support of the pediatric cancer patient: lessons learned over the past 50 years. Curr Oncol Rep 10:469–476
Phipps S, Mulhern RK (1995) Family cohesion and expressiveness promote resilience to the stress of pediatric bone marrow transplant: a preliminary report. J Dev Behav Pediatr 16:257–263
Barrera M, Boyd-Pringle LA, Sumbler K, Saunders F (2000) Quality of life and behavioral adjustment after pediatric bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 26:427–435
Wiener L, Viola A, Koretski J, Perper ED, Patenaude AF (2015) Pediatric psycho-oncology care: standards, guidelines, and consensus reports. Psychooncology 24:204–211
Merckaert I, Libert Y, Messin S, Milani M, Slachmuylder JL, Razavi D (2010) Cancer patients’ desire for psychological support: prevalence and implications for screening patients’ psychological needs. Psychooncology 19:141–149
Barakat LP, Alderfer MA, Kazak AE (2006) Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers. J Pediatr Psychol 31:413–419
Kazak AE, Stuber ML, Barakat LP, Meeske K, Guthrie D, Meadows AT (1998) Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers and fathers of survivors of childhood cancers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:823–831
Pennarola BW, Rodday AM, Bingen K, Schwartz LA, Patel SK, Syrjala KL, Mayer DK, Ratichek SJ, Guinan EC, Kupst MJ (2015) Changing factors associated with parent activation after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Support Care Cancer 23:1997–2006
Terrin N, Rodday AM, Tighiouart H, Chang G, Parsons SK (2013) Parental emotional functioning declines with occurrence of clinical complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Support Care Cancer 21:687–695
Kazak AE, Cant MC, Jensen MM, McSherry M, Rourke MT, Hwang W-T, Alderfer MA, Beele D, Simms S, Lange BJ (2003) Identifying psychosocial risk indicative of subsequent resource use in families of newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients. J Clin Oncol 21:3220–3225
McDowell ME, Occhipinti S, Ferguson M, Chambers SK (2011) Prospective predictors of psychosocial support service use after cancer. Psycho-Oncology 20:788–791
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute (R01CA127488, P30CA072720). The first author was also supported by funding from the National Cancer Institute (K07CA174728).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Devine, K.A., Manne, S.L., Mee, L. et al. Barriers to psychological care among primary caregivers of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer 24, 2235–2242 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-3010-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-3010-4