Abstract
Purpose
Positive peritoneal lavage cytology for gastric carcinoma cells (CY1) is considered distant metastasis and is classified as Stage IV. However, patients with CY1 comprise a heterogeneous population, and their prognosis varies greatly. The prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients with CY1 were retrospectively reviewed.
Methods
The participants were 80 gastric cancer patients with CY1 in our institution encountered between 2005 and 2017. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
The operative procedure was distal gastrectomy for 30 patients, total gastrectomy for 27 patients, staging laparoscopy for 10 patients, gastrojejunostomy for 8 patients, and probe laparotomy for 5 patients. Other distant metastases were recognized in 36 patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that other distant metastases were the strongest independent risk factor for the overall survival (p < 0.0001). When the cohort was limited to CY1 patients without other distant metastases, cN2–3 (p = 0.01), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) < 40 (p = 0.02) and Type 4 (p = 0.03) were independent risk factors according to a multivariate analysis. The survivals of patients with cN2–3 or PNI < 40 after gastrectomy were equivalent to those with other distant metastases, as assessed by log-rank analyses.
Conclusions
The prognoses of CY1 gastric cancer patients with cN2–3 or PNI < 40 were poor, even after gastrectomy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cancer Information Service, National Cancer Center, Japan. Cancer Registry and Statistics. https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/dl/index.html#mortality Accessed 1 Apr 2018.
Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. The Japanese gastric cancer registry in 2009. http://www.jgca.jp/entry/iganhtml/doc/2009_report.pdf Accessed 1 Apr 2018.
Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma, the 15th edition (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kanehara; 2017.
Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. TNM classification of malignant tumours, the eighth edition. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2017.
Association Japanese Gastric Cancer. Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines, 5th ed. Tokyo: Kanehara; 2018 (in Japanese).
Kodera Y, Ito S, Mochizuki Y, Kondo K, Koshikawa K, Suzuki N, et al. A phase II study of radical surgery followed by postoperative chemotherapy with S-1 for gastric carcinoma with free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity (CCOG0301 study). Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35:1158–63.
Onodera T, Goseki N, Kosaki G. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients (in Japanese with English abstract). Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi (J Jpn Surg Society). 1984;85:1001–5.
Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, et al. Toxicity and response criteria of the eastern cooperative oncology group. Am J Clin Oncol. 1982;5:649–55.
American Society of Anesthesiologists. ASA physical status classification system. https://www.asahq.org/resources/clinical-information/asa-physical-status-classification-system Accessed 1 Apr 2018.
Lee SD, Ryu KW, Eom BW, Lee JH, Kook MC, Kim YW, et al. Prognostic significance of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2012;99:397–403.
Yoshida K, Yamaguchi K, Okumura N, Tanahashi T, Kodera Y. Is conversion therapy possible in stage IV gastric cancer: the proposal of new biological categories of classification. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19:329–38.
Nakagohri T, Yoneyama Y, Kinoshita T, Konishi M, Inoue K, Takahashi S. Prognostic significance of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with potentially resectable gastric cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008;55:1913–5.
Nishikawa K, Fujitani K, Endo S, Kawada J, Hirao M, Hamakawa T, et al. Is gastrectomy for CY1 gastric cancer truly essential? [abstract]. In 90th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association program: 2018 Mar 7–9: Yokohama. Japan: Abstract PP230.
Fujitani K, Yang HK, Mizusawa J, Kim YW, Terashima M, Han SU, et al. Gastrectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric cancer with a single non-curable factor (REGATTA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:309–18.
Yamamoto M, Kawano H, Yamaguchi S, Egashira A, Minami K, Taguchi K, et al. Comparison of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in Japanese patients with peritoneal lavage cytology positive for gastric carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:4859–63.
Fukuchi M, Mochiki E, Ishiguro T, Ogura T, Sobajima J, Kumagai Y, et al. Prognostic factors for gastric cancer with cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. Anticancer Res. 2016;36:2481–5.
Kano K, Aoyama T, Maezawa Y, Nakajima T, Ikeda K, Yamada T, et al. The survival and prognosticators of peritoneal cytology-positive gastric cancer patients who received upfront gastrectomy and subsequent S-1 chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol. 2017;22:887–96.
Saito H, Kihara K, Kuroda H, Matsunaga T, Tatebe S, Ikeguchi M. Surgical outcomes for gastric cancer patients with intraperitoneal free cancer cell, but no macroscopic peritoneal metastasis. J Surg Oncol. 2011;104:534–7.
Tsuburaya A, Mizusawa J, Tanaka Y, Fukushima N, Nashimoto A, Sasako M. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin followed by D2 gastrectomy with para-aortic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis. Br J Surg. 2014;101:653–60.
Noda S, Yashiro M, Toyokawa T, Morimoto J, Shinto O, Muguruma K. Borrmann’s macroscopic criteria and p-Smad2 expression are useful predictive prognostic markers for cytology-positive gastric cancer patients without overt peritoneal metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18:3718–25.
Fukagawa T, Katai H, Saka M, Morita S, Sasajima Y, Taniguchi H, et al. Significance of lavage cytology in advanced gastric cancer patients. World J Surg. 2010;34(3):563–8.
Kano Y, Kosugi S, Ishikawa T, Otani T, Muneoka Y, Sato Y, et al. Prognostic significance of peritoneal lavage cytology at three cavities in patients with gastric cancer. Surgery. 2015;158:1581–9.
Nishimura T, Iwasa S, Nagashima K, Okita N, Takashima A, Honma Y, et al. Irinotecan monotherapy as third-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer refractory to fluoropyrimidines, platinum, and taxanes. Gastric Cancer. 2017;20:655–62.
Crumley AB, Stuart RC, McKernan M, McMillan DC. Is hypoalbuminemia an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer? World J Surg. 2010;34:2393–8.
Chen XL, Xue L, Wang W, Chen HN, Zhang WH, Liu K, et al. Prognostic significance of the combination of preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet in patients with gastric carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget. 2015;6:41370–82.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Endo, S., Ikenaga, M., Ohta, K. et al. Prognostic factors for cytology-positive gastric cancer. Surg Today 49, 56–64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-018-1704-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-018-1704-1