Abstract
We show that there exists a non-trivial topological phase in circular two-dimensional quantum dots with an odd number of electrons. The possible non-zero value of this phase is explained by axial symmetry of two-dimensional quantum systems. The particular value of this phase (\(\pi \)) is fixed by T-invariance and the Pauli exclusion principle and leads to half-integer values of the angular orbital momentum for ground states of such systems. This conclusion agrees with the experimental data for ground-state energies of few-electron circular quantum dots in perpendicular magnetic field (Schmidt et al. in Phys Rev B 51:5570, 1995). Hence, these data may be considered as the first experimental evidence for the existence of topological phase leading to half-integer quantization of the orbital angular momentum in circular quantum dots with an odd number of electrons.
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Kuleshov, V.M., Mur, V.D., Narozhny, N.B. et al. Topological Phase and Half-Integer Orbital Angular Momenta in Circular Quantum Dots. Few-Body Syst 57, 1103–1126 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-016-1136-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-016-1136-7