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The prevalence of enteric RNA viruses in stools from diarrheic and non-diarrheic people in southwestern Alberta, Canada

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Abstract

Southwestern Alberta is a region of Canada that has high rates of enteritis as well as high densities of livestock. The presence of enteric RNA viruses, specifically norovirus (NoV) GI, GII, GIII, GIV; sapovirus (SaV); rotavirus (RV); and astrovirus (AstV), was evaluated in stools from diarrheic (n = 2281) and non-diarrheic (n = 173) people over a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009. Diarrheic individuals lived in rural (46.6 %) and urban (53.4 %) settings and ranged in age from less than 1 month to 102 years, and the highest prevalence of infection in these individuals was in November. In all, viruses were detected in diarrheic stools from 388 individuals (17.0 %). NoV GII was the most frequently detected virus (8.0 %; n = 182) followed by SaV (4.3 %; n = 97), RV (2.0 %; n = 46), AstV (1.8 %; n = 42), NoV GI (0.9 %; n = 20), and NoV GIV (0.1 %; n = 1). Animal NoV GIII was never detected. The prevalence of mixed viral infections in diarrheic individuals was 2.8 % (n = 11). Children from 1 to 5 years of age accounted for the highest prevalence of positive stools, followed by the elderly individuals (≥70 years). Only NoV GII (1.2 %; n = 2) and SaV (1.2 %; n = 2) were detected in stools from non-diarrheic people. Sequence analysis of a subset of stools revealed homology to NoV, SaV and RV sequences from humans but not to strains from non-human animals. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that viruses of animal origin have a significant impact on the occurrence of acute gastroenteritis caused by RNA enteric viruses in people living in southwestern Alberta.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following people for their assistance: Judy Baxter, Deborah Sweeny, and the staff of the Chinook Regional Hospital Department of Laboratory Medicine (Alberta Health Services) for contributing stools from diarrheic individuals; Kathaleen House (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge) for processing stool samples; Philippine Descamps and Audrey Daigneault (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Hyacinthe) for conducting part of the cloning and sequencing experiments; and the human volunteers for contributing non-diarrheic stool samples.

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  1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada

    Danielle Leblanc, Julie Brassard & Alain Houde

  2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada

    G. Douglas Inglis

  3. Chinook Regional Hospital, 960 19 St S, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 1W5, Canada

    Valerie F. Boras

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Correspondence to Danielle Leblanc.

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Financial support for this project was provided by grants from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to A.H., G.D.I, and J.B (Peer Review Project RBPI #1485), and the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency to G.D.I. and V.F.B (Project 2012F034R). The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Scientific and ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Regional Ethics Committee of the former Chinook Health Region (#2007-07), and the University of Lethbridge Human Subject Research Committee (#715). The two ethics committees waived the requirement for informed consent from people submitting diarrheic samples, as the stool samples were submitted for conventional diagnostics. The identity of patients remained confidential. Informed consent was obtained from all healthy human subjects. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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705_2016_3063_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Electronic supplementary material: Fig. S1 Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree for NoV GIV from one infected human being in southwestern Alberta (indicated by a dot and a CHRB identifier) relative to reference NoV GIV sequences from the NCBI database. The virus sequence determined in the current study was submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (accession number KU973934). Bootstrap values (%) >70 % are shown at tree node 1 (PDF 81 kb)

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Leblanc, D., Inglis, G.D., Boras, V.F. et al. The prevalence of enteric RNA viruses in stools from diarrheic and non-diarrheic people in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Arch Virol 162, 117–128 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3063-9

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