Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. To fully modulate the activity of specific proteins after phosphorylation, interaction with members of the 14-3-3 family is necessary. 14-3-3 Proteins are important for many processes because they “assist” a wide range of target proteins with divergent functions. In this review, we will describe how plant 14-3-3 proteins are as spiders in a web of phosphorylation: they act as sensors for phospho-motifs, they themselves are phosphorylated with unknown consequences and they have kinases as target, where some of these phosphorylate 14-3-3 binding motifs in other proteins. Two specific classes of 14-3-3 targets, protein kinases and transcription factors of the bZIP and basic helix-loop-helix-like families, with important and diverse functions in the plant as a whole will be discussed. An important question to be addressed in the near future is how the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins has diverged, both structurally and functionally, between different members of the same protein family, like the kinases and transcription factors.
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This work was supported by NWO grant 817.02.026 awarded to AHdeB and a scholarship awarded to JG by the China Scholarship Council. We thank Tom de Boer for the making the drawing in Fig. 1.
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de Boer, A.H., van Kleeff, P.J.M. & Gao, J. Plant 14-3-3 proteins as spiders in a web of phosphorylation. Protoplasma 250, 425–440 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-012-0437-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-012-0437-z