Abstract
To evaluate the transition from traditional shading cultivation to mist cultivation, a field experiment was carried out. The results demonstrated that compared with traditional shading, the mist treatment significantly reduced leaf temperature. Likewise, the higher transpiration rate also contributes to reducing leaf temperature and protects ginger from heat stress in summer. Moreover, a higher instantaneous efficiency of water use suggested that water lost via transpiration was beneficial under a mist culture system. The higher instantaneous efficiency of water use in the mist treatment was caused mainly by the higher net photosynthetic rate, which is further reflected by the higher rhizome yield of ginger under the mist culture system. Instead of lowering the temperature by lowering photon flux density, mist treatment does not seriously reduce the photon flux density while reducing the temperature of the blade. Hence, the net photosynthetic rate in the shading treatment is significantly lower than that in the mist treatment, although the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in ginger in the shading treatment were significantly higher than those in the mist treatment. Lower superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents were also found after mist treatment. Lower ammonium avoids the potential risk of ammonium toxicity and is based on higher nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activity but lower glutamate dehydrogenase activity. Therefore, the mist cultivation system improved the physiological characteristics and yields of ginger and can be suggested as an alternative, sustainable, and cleaner cultivation measure.
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Abbreviations
- CaCl2 :
-
Calcium chloride
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- Ci:
-
Intercellular CO2 concentration
- CK:
-
No shading and no mist treatment
- DTT:
-
DL-Dithiothreitol
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- E:
-
Transpiration rate
- FeCl3 :
-
Ferric chloride
- Fm:
-
Maximum fluorescence
- Fm':
-
Maximum fluorescence under light adaptation
- Fo:
-
Minimal fluorescence
- Fo':
-
Basal fluorescence after far-red illumination
- Fs:
-
Steady-state fluorescence
- Fv/Fm:
-
Maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GDH:
-
Glutamate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT:
-
Glutamate synthase
- gs:
-
Stomatal conductance
- GS:
-
Glutamine synthetase
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- HCl:
-
Hydrochloride
- KNO3 :
-
Potassium nitrate
- LWC:
-
Leaf relative water content
- LWP:
-
Leaf water potential
- M:
-
Mist-only treatment
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- MgSO4 :
-
Magnesium sulfate
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBT:
-
Nitroblue tetrazolium
- NH4+ :
-
Ammonium
- NH4Cl:
-
Ammonium chloride
- NO3− :
-
Nitrate
- NPQ:
-
Non-photochemical quenching
- NR:
-
Nitrate reductase
- O2-. :
-
Superoxide anion
- PFD:
-
Photon flux density
- Pn:
-
Net photosynthetic rate
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- PVP:
-
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- qP:
-
Photochemical quenching
- RWC:
-
Relative water content
- S:
-
Shading-only treatment
- S+M:
-
Shading plus mist treatment
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- SFW:
-
Saturated fresh weight
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TBA:
-
Thiobarbituric acid
- TCA:
-
Trichloroacetic acid
- TiCl4 :
-
Titanium tetrachloride
- Tris-HCl:
-
Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride
- WUEi:
-
The instantaneous efficiency of water use
- ΦPSII:
-
Actual photochemical efficiency
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Funding
This project was funded by the Agriculture Research System of China (Grant No. CARS-24-A-09); the Taishan Industrial Experts Programme, China (Grant No. tscy20190105), the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2019GNC106057); and Shandong Province’s dual-class discipline construction project, China (Grant No. SYL2017YSTD06).
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Bili Cao, Xie Jie, Lv Yueqiang, and Chen Zijing carried out the field studies. Bili Cao carried out the statistic studies and wrote the manuscript. Kun Xu designed the study and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Cao, B., Xia, J., Lv, Y. et al. Effect of a mist culture system on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in ginger. Protoplasma 257, 1359–1371 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01511-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01511-2