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Beiträge der Epidemiologie bei der Primärprävention von Krebserkrankungen

Contribution of epidemiology to primary prevention of cancer

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Aktuellen Hochrechnungen zufolge wird die Zahl der Krebsneuerkrankungen von derzeit 18,1 Mio. weltweit auf 29,5 Mio. im Jahr 2040 steigen. Der drohende Anstieg bei den Krebsneuerkrankungen könnte eingedämmt werden, wenn die Exposition gegenüber bekannten Risikofaktoren vermieden wird und unser Wissen um etablierte Risiken und Schutzfaktoren in eine effektive Primärprävention umgesetzt würde.

Ziel

In diesem Beitrag sollen exemplarisch Beispiele aufgezeigt werden, wo epidemiologische Studien bei der Identifikation und Feststellung von Krebsrisikofaktoren einen entscheidenden Beitrag geleistet und damit die Grundlage für weitere Präventionsmaßnahmen geschaffen haben.

Material und Methode

Narrativer Review der internationalen Literatur.

Ergebnisse

Auch wenn die Grundlagenforschung wichtige Impulse für die Krebsursachenforschung beisteuert, haben vielfach epidemiologische Studien bei der Identifikation und Feststellung von Krebsrisikofaktoren einen entscheidenden Beitrag geleistet und damit die Grundlage für weitere Präventionsmaßnahmen geschaffen. Zudem ist die Beobachtung am Menschen für die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit präventiver Maßnahmen unerlässlich.

Schlussfolgerung

Weitere epidemiologische Forschung ist erforderlich, um die individuelle Variation bei den Krebsrisiken besser zu verstehen und den angesichts des drohenden Anstiegs bei den Neuerkrankungen dringend erforderlichen Einsatz von effektiven Präventionsmaßnahmen zu begleiten.

Abstract

Background

According to recent projections the number of incident cancer cases on a global scale will rise from 18.1 million in 2018 to 29.5 million by 2040. The impending rise in cancer incidence could be curbed by reduction of exposure to known modifiable risk factors and translating knowledge of established risk and protective factors into effective primary prevention measures.

Objective

This article reviews and highlights prominent examples of where epidemiological studies have made a decisive contribution to the identification and quantitative assessment of cancer risk factors, thus providing the basis for further preventive measures.

Material and method

Narrative review of the international literature.

Results

Even though basic research provides an important impetus for cancer research, epidemiological studies have made a decisive contribution to the identification and ascertainment of cancer risk factors, thus creating the basis for further preventive measures. In addition, observational epidemiological studies are essential for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

Conclusion

Further epidemiological research is needed for a better understanding of the individual variation in cancer risks and to support the urgent need for effective preventive measures in the face of the impending increase in cancer incidence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Epidemiologisches Krebsregister Baden-Württemberg & Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Volker Arndt

  2. Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD), Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland

    Klaus Kraywinkel

  3. Krebsregister Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz, Deutschland

    Sylke Ruth Zeissig

Authors
  1. Volker Arndt
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  2. Klaus Kraywinkel
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  3. Sylke Ruth Zeissig
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Volker Arndt.

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Interessenkonflikt

V. Arndt, K. Kraywinkel und S.R. Zeissig geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Arndt, V., Kraywinkel, K. & Zeissig, S.R. Beiträge der Epidemiologie bei der Primärprävention von Krebserkrankungen. Onkologe 25 (Suppl 1), 7–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-019-0600-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-019-0600-7

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