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Fast cadmium inhibition of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in vivo and in vitro studies using perturbed angular correlation of γ-rays

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Abstract

The effect of cadmium on the photosynthetic activity of Synechocystis PCC 6803 was monitored in this study. The oxygen evolving capacity of Synechocystis treated with 40 μM CdCl2 was depressed to 10% of the maximum in 15 min, indicating that Cd2+ penetrated rapidly into the cells and blocked the photosynthetic activity. However, neither photosystem II (PSII) nor photosystem I (PSI) activity showed a significant short-term decrease which would explain this fast decrease in the whole-chain electron transport. Thermoluminescence measurements have shown that the charge separation and stabilization in PSII remains essentially unchanged during the first few hours following the Cd2+ treatment. The electron flow through PSI was monitored by following the redox changes of the P700 reaction centers of PSI. Alterations in the oxidation kinetics of P700 in the Cd2+-treated cells indicated that Cd2+ treatment might affect the available electron acceptor pool of P700, including the CO2 reduction and accumulation in the cells. Perturbed angular correlation of γ-rays (PAC) using the radioactive 111mCd isotope was used to follow the Cd2+ uptake at a molecular level. The most plausible interpretation of the PAC data is that Cd2+ is taken up by one or more Zn proteins replacing Zn2+ in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Using the radioactive 109Cd isotope, a protein of approximately 30 kDa that binds Cd2+ could be observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that Cd2+ might inactivate different metal-containing enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase, by replacing the zinc ion, which would explain the rapid and almost full inhibition of the photosynthetic activity in cyanobacteria.

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Abbreviations

BASIL:

Bauers axially symmetric independent ligands

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

CCM:

Carbon-concentrating mechanism

EFG:

Electric field gradient

HEPES:

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine)-N′-ethanesulfonic acid

NQI:

Nuclear quadrupole interaction

PAC:

Perturbed angular correlation of γ-rays

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PQ:

Plastoquinone

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

QB :

Reduced secondary quinine acceptor

Rubisco:

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

Tris:

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

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Acknowledgements

We thank Marianne Lund Jensen for technical assistance. We thank also Anna Haldrup and Poul Erik Jensen for their help with biochemical facilities. This project was supported by the Danish Technical Research Council (9901473), the EU Research Training Network “Transient” (HPRN-CT-1999-00095) and the Hungarian Science Foundation OTKA (T 034188).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    Klára Nárcisz Sas & Lars Hemmingsen

  2. Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt 62, Szeged, 6701, Hungary

    László Kovács, Ottó Zsίros, Zoltán Gombos & Győző Garab

  3. Nano Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

    Eva Danielsen

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  1. Klára Nárcisz Sas
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Correspondence to Klára Nárcisz Sas.

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Sas, K.N., Kovács, L., Zsίros, O. et al. Fast cadmium inhibition of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in vivo and in vitro studies using perturbed angular correlation of γ-rays. J Biol Inorg Chem 11, 725–734 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-006-0113-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-006-0113-x

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