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WW1LOD: an application of CIDOC-CRM to World War 1 linked data

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Abstract

The CIDOC-CRM standard indicates that common events, actors, places and timeframes are important in linking together cultural material, and provides a framework for describing them. However, merely describing entities in this way in two datasets does not yet interlink them. To do that, the identities of instances still need to be either reconciled, or be based on a shared vocabulary. The WW1LOD dataset presented in this paper was created to facilitate both of these approaches for collections dealing with the First World War. For this purpose, the dataset includes events, places, agents, times, keywords, and themes related to the war, based on over ten different authoritative data sources from providers such as the Imperial War Museum. The content is harmonized into RDF, and published as a Linked Open Data service. While generally based on CIDOC-CRM, some modeling choices used also deviate from it where our experience dictated such. In the article, these deviations are discussed in the hope that they may serve as examples where CIDOC-CRM itself may warrant further examination. As a demonstration of use, the dataset and online service have been used to create a contextual reader application that is able to link together and pull in information related to WW1 from, e.g., 1914–1918 Online, Wikipedia, WW1 Discovery, Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America.

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Notes

  1. http://www.europeana-collections-1914-1918.eu/.

  2. http://www.1914-1918-online.net/.

  3. http://ww1.discovery.ac.uk/.

  4. http://www.canadiana.ca/en/pcdhn-lod.

  5. http://www.cendari.eu/about-cendari.

  6. http://blog.muninn-project.org/.

  7. The collection is available at http://cudl.colorado.edu/luna/servlet/UCBOULDERCB1~58~8 .

  8. This timeline was principally derived from the official British series on the history of the war, the History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, particularly the volume Principal Events, 1914–1918 [8].

  9. Derived in part from Patrick Lefevre’s standard bibliography on this topic published by Belgium’s Musée Royal d’Armée [12].

  10. http://www.1914-1918-online.net/.

  11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I.

  12. http://www.georss.org/rdf_rss1.html.

  13. http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-data-cube/.

  14. http://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/.

  15. http://vocab.org/relationship/.

  16. http://schema.org/.

  17. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

  18. Viewable at http://skos.europeana.eu/api/find-concepts?q=inScheme:*&rows=1000.

  19. Available at http://data.aim25.ac.uk/about_t3.php.

  20. http://rdf.muninn-project.org/.

  21. http://www.canadiana.ca/en/pcdhn-lod.

  22. http://www.cendari.eu/about-cendari.

  23. http://www.1914-1918-online.net/.

  24. http://historypin.com/.

  25. http://j.mp/1EP1P5i.

  26. Available at http://demo.seco.tkk.fi/ww1/.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Michael Ortiz (CU) and Tuomas Palonen (Aalto University) for annotating the resources, Michael Dulock (CU) and Holley Long (CU) for their aid with the digital collection and metadata, and Martha Hanna (CU), Patrick Tally (CU), Alan Kramer (Trinity College Dublin), Sophie de Schaepdrijver (Pennsylvania State University) and Tammy Proctor (Wittenberg University) for their expert opinion on the content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland

    Eetu Mäkelä, Juha Törnroos & Eero Hyvönen

  2. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA

    Thea Lindquist

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  1. Eetu Mäkelä
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  2. Juha Törnroos
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  3. Thea Lindquist
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  4. Eero Hyvönen
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Correspondence to Eetu Mäkelä.

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Mäkelä, E., Törnroos, J., Lindquist, T. et al. WW1LOD: an application of CIDOC-CRM to World War 1 linked data. Int J Digit Libr 18, 333–343 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-016-0186-2

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