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Irradiation with red light-emitting diode enhances proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-energy red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). PDLSCs were derived from human periodontal ligament tissues of premolars and were irradiated with 0 (control group), 1, 3, or 5 J/cm2 red LED in osteogenic induction medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation activity was evaluated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Osteoblast-associated proteins (Runx2, OCN, OPN, and BSP) were detected using western blotting. The results of the MTT assay indicated that PDLSCs in the irradiation groups exhibited a higher proliferation rate than those in the control group (P < 0.05). ALP results showed that after 7 days of illumination, only 5 J/cm2 promoted the expression of ALP of PDLSCs. However, after 14 days of illumination, the irradiation treatments did not increase ALP activity. The results of alizarin red staining showed that red LED promoted osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results demonstrated that red LED upregulated the expression levels of osteogenic genes. Expression of the proteins BSP, OPN, OCN, and Runx2 in the irradiation groups was higher than that in the control group. Our results confirmed that low-energy red LED at 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Luzhou Municipal People’s Government-Southwest Medical University science and technology strategic cooperation projects of China (no. 2017LZXNYD-T03), Luzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau of China (no. 2016-R-70(13/24)). The reagents of this study were supported by these funds that all came from Southwest Medical University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China

    Yan Wu, Chunxia Shu, Qiang Chen, Juan Yang & Xiang Luo

  2. West China-Guang’an Hospital, Sichuan University, Guang’an, 638550, China

    Yan Wu

  3. Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yan Tai, 264000, China

    Tingting Zhu & Hong Gao

  4. Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zun Yi, 563000, China

    Yaoyao Yang

  5. Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China

    Yao Wang

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  1. Yan Wu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yan Wu and Tingting Zhu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yan Wu and Tingting Zhu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yao Wang.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology Southwest Medical University Certificate (contract grant 20180314001) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

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Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Yan Wu and Tingting Zhu contributed to the work equally and regarded as co-first authors.

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Wu, Y., Zhu, T., Yang, Y. et al. Irradiation with red light-emitting diode enhances proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 36, 1535–1543 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03278-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03278-1

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