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Gene Expression Profiles of Spleen, Liver, and Head Kidney in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Along the Infection Process with Philasterides dicentrarchi Using an Immune-Enriched Oligo-Microarray

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Abstract

We evaluated the expression profiles of turbot in spleen, liver, and head kidney across five temporal points of the Philasterides dicentrarchi infection process using an 8x15K Agilent oligo-microarray. The microarray included 2,176 different fivefold replicated gene probes designed from a turbot 3′ sequenced EST database. We were able to identify 221 differentially expressed (DE) genes (8.1% of the whole microarray), 113 in spleen, 83 in liver, and 90 in head kidney, in at least 1 of the 5 temporal points sampled for each organ. Most of these genes could be annotated (83.0%) and functionally categorized using GO terms (69.1%) after the additional sequencing of DE genes from the 5′ end. Many DE genes were related to innate and acquired immune functions. A high proportion of DE genes were organ-specific (70.6%), although their associated GO functions showed notable similarities in the three organs. The most striking difference in functional distribution was observed between the up- and downregulated gene groups. Upregulated genes were mostly associated to immune functions, while downregulated ones mainly involved metabolism-related genes. Genetic response appeared clustered in a few groups of genes with similar expression profiles along the temporal series. The information obtained will aid to understand the turbot immune response and will specifically be valuable to develop strategies of defense to P. dicentrarchi to achieve more resistant broodstocks for turbot industry.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos and the Dirección Xeral de I+D—Xunta de Galicia project (2004/CP480) and by the Spanish Government (Consolider Ingenio Aquagenomics: CSD200700002) project. Authors wish to thank Lucía Insua for technical assistance. Belén G. Pardo was supported by an Isidro Parga Pondal research fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    Belén G. Pardo, Adrián Millán, Carlos Fernández, Carmen Bouza & Paulino Martínez

  2. Departamento de Geometría y Topología, Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Antonio Gómez-Tato

  3. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    José Antonio Alvarez-Dios

  4. Cluster de la Acuicultura de Galicia (CETGA), Punta de Couso s/n, 15965, Aguiño (A Coruña), Spain

    Santiago Cabaleiro

  5. Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Jesús Lamas

  6. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    José M. Leiro

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  1. Belén G. Pardo
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  2. Adrián Millán
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  3. Antonio Gómez-Tato
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  4. Carlos Fernández
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  6. José Antonio Alvarez-Dios
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  7. Santiago Cabaleiro
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  10. Paulino Martínez
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Correspondence to Paulino Martínez.

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Supplemental Table S1

Fold change (FC) values of the differentially expressed genes of turbot in spleen (S), liver (L), and head kidney (HK) along the temporal series (1, 3, 7, 15, and 25 days) of infection with Philasterides dicentrarchi. (DOC 551 kb)

Supplemental Table S2

Annotation, functional category, expression profile (organ, time, up/down), and clustering with SOTA (Self Organizing Tree Algorithm; Dopazo and Carazo 1997) of the differentially expressed genes of turbot in response to Philasterides dicentrarchi. (DOC 466 kb)

Supplemental Fig. S1

Representation of turbot gene groups with similar gene profiles in response to Philasterides dicentrarchi obtained by SOTA (Self Organizing Tree Algorithm; Dopazo and Carazo 1997) algorithm. (A) Spleen (9 groups). (B) Liver (10 groups). (C) Head kidney (8 groups). Groups for each organ are numbered from left to right and then from top to bottom following the same numbering presented in Table S1. (DOC 595 kb)

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Pardo, B.G., Millán, A., Gómez-Tato, A. et al. Gene Expression Profiles of Spleen, Liver, and Head Kidney in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Along the Infection Process with Philasterides dicentrarchi Using an Immune-Enriched Oligo-Microarray. Mar Biotechnol 14, 570–582 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-012-9440-9

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