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Assessment of Metals Pollution from Tailing Sites in the North Caucuses Region, Russia

Abbau bei gleichzeitiger Entstehung und Auffüllung eines Grundwasserkörpers im Alten Mann

Minería concurrente durante la construcción y llenado de agua de un depósito de agua subterránea en una mina de carbón

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Abstract

The concentrations of metals were determined in the water and bottom sediments of both the Urup and Kuban Rivers near tailings sites in the North Caucasus region of southern Russia. The average concentrations in the Urup followed the order Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co, while in the Kuban, the order was Fe > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cd, with copper and cobalt not detected. The levels of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni were above Russia’s maximum permissible concentration in both rivers. The water pollution index (WPI) values in Urup ranged from 12.97 to 28.17, indicating that the river is extremely polluted (Class VII), while the WPI value for Kuban ranged from 2.34 to 4.33 downstream of the tailings site, which corresponds to Class IV (contaminated). Calculating the coefficient of accumulation in sediments (CAS) revealed that in Urup, the CAS values for Ni and Cu were 3046 and 11638, respectively, which indicates an emergency environmental situation, while for Co, Fe, and Mn, the situation is high level chronic pollution (CAS > 104). The Kuban CAS values of Fe and Mn were also > 104, again highly and chronically polluted. Most of the metals in both rivers are bound to the sediments, with minimal mobility. The potential ecological risk is moderate to considerable in Urup, and low in the Kuban River.

Zusammenfassung

In der Region Nordkaukasus in Südrussland wurden im Wasser und in den Bodensedimenten der Flüsse Urup und Kuban in der Nähe von Tailings die Konzentrationen von Metallen bestimmt. Im Urup folgten die durchschnittlichen Konzentrationen der Reihenfolge Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co, während im Kuban die Reihenfolge Fe > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cd lautete und Kupfer und Kobalt nicht nachgewiesen wurden. Die Konzentrationen von Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd und Ni lagen in beiden Flüssen über der in Russland jeweils maximal zulässigen Konzentration. Die Werte des Wasserverschmutzungsindex (WPI) für den Urup reichten von 12,97 bis 28,17, was darauf hinweist, dass der Fluss extrem belastet ist (Klasse VII), während der WPI-Wert für den Kuban stromabwärts der Tailings von 2,34 bis 4,33 reichte (Klasse IV, kontaminiert). Die Berechnung des Sedimentakkumulations-Koeffizienten (CAS) ergab, dass für den Urup die CAS-Werte für Ni und Cu 3.046 bzw. 11.638 betrugen, was auf eine Umweltkatastrophe hinweist, währenddessen die CAS-Werte > 104 für Co, Fe und Mn einen hohen Grad chronischer Verschmutzung anzeigen. Für den Kuban waren die CAS-Werte von Fe und Mn ebenfalls > 104, was wiederum eine hohe chronische Verschmutzung bedeutet. In beiden Flüssen sind die meisten Metalle mit minimaler Mobilität an die Sedimente gebunden. Das potentielle ökologische Risiko ist im Urup-Fluss mäßig bis beträchtlich und im Kuban-Fluss niedrig

Resumen

Las concentraciones de metales se determinaron en el agua y los sedimentos del fondo de los ríos Urup y Kuban cerca de los sitios de relaves en la región del Cáucaso Norte del sur de Rusia. Las concentraciones promedio en el Urup siguieron el orden Fe> Mn> Pb> Cu> Zn> Cd> Ni> Co, mientras que en el Kuban el orden fue Fe> Pb> Zn> Ni> Mn> Cd, con cobre y cobalto no detectado. Los niveles de Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd y Ni estuvieron por encima de la concentración máxima permitida de Rusia en ambos ríos. Los valores del índice de contaminación del agua (IPM) en Urup variaron de 12,97 a 28,17, lo que indica que el río está extremadamente contaminado (Clase VII) mientras que el valor del IPM para Kuban varió de 2,34 a 4,33 aguas abajo del sitio de colas, que corresponde a Clase IV (contaminado). El cálculo del coeficiente de acumulación en sedimentos (CAS) reveló que en Urup, los valores de CAS para Ni y Cu fueron 3046 y 11638, respectivamente, lo que indica una situación ambiental de emergencia, mientras que para Co, Fe y Mn, la situación es de alto nivel contaminación crónica (CAS> 104). Los valores CAS de Kuban de Fe y Mn también fueron > 104, nuevamente muy contaminados crónicamente. La mayoría de los metales en ambos ríos están ligados a los sedimentos, con una movilidad mínima. El riesgo ecológico potencial es de moderado a considerable en Urup y bajo en el río Kuban.

摘要

研究了俄罗斯南部北高加索地区尾矿附近Urup河和Kuban河的河水与河流沉积物金属浓度。Urup河金属离子浓度顺序为Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd>Ni>Co;Kuban河内金属离子浓度顺序为Fe>Pb>Zn>Ni>Mn>Cd,未检测出Cu和Co。Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd和Ni浓度已经超过两条河的最大允许浓度。Urup河水污染指数为(WPI) 12.97~28.17,表明河水已被严重污染(VII类);Kuban河水在尾矿下游的污染指数(WPI)为2.34~4.33,相当于IV类污染。Urup河的Ni和Cu沉积物累积系数(CAS)已高达3046和11638,环境形势严峻,Co、Fe和Mn呈现高水平慢性污染(CAS>104)。Kuban河的Fe和Mn沉积累积系数(CAS)值也大于104,处于高水平慢性污染状态。两条河中金属沉淀特征明显,迁移程度较小。Urup生态风险中等~严重,Kuban河流生态风险较低。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan

    Hani Abu Qdais

  2. North Caucasian Federal University, str. Pushkin, 1, Bldg. 2, Stavropol, Russia

    Inna Vladimirovna Begday, Igor Yuryevich Katorgin, Konstantin Yuryevich Shkarlet, Konstantin Viktorovich Kharin, Anastasia Sergeevnna Bluzhina & Andrey Aleksandrovich Likhovid

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  1. Hani Abu Qdais
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  2. Inna Vladimirovna Begday
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  3. Igor Yuryevich Katorgin
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  4. Konstantin Yuryevich Shkarlet
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  5. Konstantin Viktorovich Kharin
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  6. Anastasia Sergeevnna Bluzhina
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Correspondence to Hani Abu Qdais.

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Abu Qdais, H., Begday, I.V., Katorgin, I.Y. et al. Assessment of Metals Pollution from Tailing Sites in the North Caucuses Region, Russia. Mine Water Environ 37, 815–824 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-0545-x

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