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Genetic evidence of local adaption and long distance migration in Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei populations from China

  • Fungal Diseases
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Abstract

Barley powdery mildew, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), is one of the most devastating diseases in the winter barley-growing regions of China. Genetic diversity of this fungus was assessed by analyzing 75 Bgh isolates belonging to 12 pathotypes using seven primer combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The six sampling locations were 300 km to 2200 km apart. The highest gene diversity indices were observed within Baoshan (H = 0.21) in Yunnan Province and Putian (H = 0.21) in Fujian Province. Higher gene flow values were found between Baoshan and other populations (Nm = 2.010−5.765) except Yancheng in Jiangsu Province and Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province and between Putian and other populations (Nm = 2.110–5.423) except Jiaxing though a long geographical distance among some locations. Between each Bgh population pair, the genetic groups and origins of the Bgh isolates were closely correlated, and the populations were significantly differentiated (P < 0.005 or P < 0.001). These results suggested that, in spite of local adaptation of Bgh populations to hosts, frequent long distance gene flow existed among these populations in China as shown in the previous study based on virulence assessment, and the centers of genetic diversity and primary inoculum origins of Bgh were probably located in those barley-growing areas in southwestern Yunnan Province and southeastern Fujian Province.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professor He Chen, Yancheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, China, Associate Professor Shujie Wang, Zhumadian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian, China, Professor Delu Chen, Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian, China, and Professor Zaixin Li, Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingzhou, China, for collecting Bgh isolates. We thank Professor Xianyu Duan, Institution of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, for revising the paper carefully. This work was financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303016), the Public Benefit Technology Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province (2014C32016), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-05) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671289, 31101149).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The National Barley Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China

    Jinghuan Zhu, Yi Shang, Wei Hua, Junmei Wang, Qiaojun Jia & Jianming Yang

  2. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China

    Yijun Zhou

  3. Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China

    Mengdao Liu

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  1. Jinghuan Zhu
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Zhu, J., Zhou, Y., Shang, Y. et al. Genetic evidence of local adaption and long distance migration in Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei populations from China. J Gen Plant Pathol 82, 69–81 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-016-0643-1

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