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The effects of non-host plant extracts on electroantennogram responses, behavior and egg hatching of codling moth, Cydia pomonella

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Abstract

The codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is a significant pest of pome fruit throughout the world. Behavioral and ovicidal activities of five non-host plant extracts (Arctium lappa, Bifora radians, Humulus lupulus, Verbascum songaricum, Xanthium strumarium), synthetic sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol (codlemone), and the plant volatile lure, (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) were evaluated against the codling moth, C. pomonella L. Codlemone elicited the greatest electroantennogram (EAG) response (6.2 ± 1.2 mV) of the compounds tested from male C. pomonella while pear ester elicited 1.7 ± 0.1 mV EAG response in female moths. Codlemone attracted 34.5% of male C. pomonella in olfactometer studies, and it was followed by the X. strumarium extract with 24.8%. There was a significant difference between the behavior of unmated and mated females. V. songaricum extract was the most active extract, attracting 25.4% of unmated females. However, mated C. pomonella females exhibited greatest attraction to pear ester. In a wind tunnel bioassay, combining X. strumarium with codlemone significantly increased the response of male upwind flight and source contact as compared with codlemone alone. All plant extracts, except for V. songaricum, significantly reduced the number of eggs laid. The plant extracts exhibited some toxic effects to eggs, and hatching rate of eggs was reduced as compared with the control. Our results indicate that some of the plant extracts tested are potential candidates for practical use after elucidation and characterization of active compound(s).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Bedrettin Selvi for taxonomically identifying the plant species, Juan Huang, Willy Bryan, and others in Department of Entomology for their help during the study. Some of the plant extracts used in the study were obtained from BOPAM project supported by Turkish Republic Prime Minister State Planning Organization (27-DPT-01-07-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Production and Technologies, Niğde Omer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey

    Ayhan Gökçe

  2. Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, USA

    Lukasz L. Stelinski

  3. Department of Entomology, B-11 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Mark E. Whalon

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  1. Ayhan Gökçe
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  2. Lukasz L. Stelinski
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  3. Mark E. Whalon
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Contributions

AG, LLS, and MEW designed the research. AG, LLS, and MEW conducted the experiments. AG and LLS analyzed the data. AG, LLS, and MEW wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the current manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ayhan Gökçe.

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This manuscript does not contain any studies involving human participants and/or animals.

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Communicated by M. B. Isman.

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Gökçe, A., Stelinski, L.L. & Whalon, M.E. The effects of non-host plant extracts on electroantennogram responses, behavior and egg hatching of codling moth, Cydia pomonella. J Pest Sci 91, 681–690 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-0953-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-0953-5

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