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Bioefficacy of Hexane Extract of Inula racemosa (Asteraceae) Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Biowirksamkeit des Hexanextrakts aus Inula racemosa (Asteraceae) gegen Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Abstract

Phytoinsecticides are considered as an effective and environment friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals for integrated pest management. Asteraceae, the largest plant family is well known for its enormously diverse characteristic content of sesquiterpene lactones. In this study the biological activity of hexane extract of Inula racemosa (Hook) was evaluated against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). The extract exhibited larvicidal and growth inhibitory activities. A moderate antifeedant effect was recorded with maximum feeding deterrence of 24.85% at 1500 ppm of the extract. Diet supplemented with 1500–2000 ppm of the extract induced significantly higher mortality in S. litura larvae compared to control. All concentrations showed a very strong growth inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner. The highest concentration (2500 ppm) extended the development of S. litura by 21.06 days relative to control. Due to toxic effects of I. racemosa, the adult emergence decreased significantly at concentrations ranging between 1500–2500 ppm. Sublethal effects of the extract were also manifested as morphological deformities in larvae and pupae of S. litura. Nutritional assay studies indicated reduction in growth and consumption rate as well as utilization of ingested and digested food when plant extract was fed to larvae, suggesting both antifeedant and toxic activities. The hexane extract of I. racemosa has significant influence on relative metabolic rate, causing higher metabolic cost to S. litura.

Zusammenfassung

Phytoinsektizide gelten als effektive und umweltfreundliche Alternative zu synthetischen Chemikalien für den integrierten Pflanzenschutz. Asteraceae, die größte Pflanzenfamilie, ist bekannt für ihren enorm vielfältigen charakteristischen Gehalt an Sesquiterpenlactonen. In dieser Studie wurde die biologische Aktivität des Hexanextrakts des Traubigen Alants (Inula racemosa [Hook]) gegen den Asiatischen Baumwollwurm (Spodoptera litura [Fabricius]) bewertet. Der Extrakt zeigte larvizide und wachstumshemmende Aktivitäten. Es wurde ein moderater fraßhemmender Effekt beobachtet; das Maximum lag bei 24,85 % bei 1500 ppm des Extrakts. Die Nahrung, die mit 1500–2000 ppm des Extrakts ergänzt wurde, führte zu einer signifikant höheren Mortalität bei S. litura Larven im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Alle Konzentrationen zeigten dosisabhängig eine sehr starke wachstumshemmende Wirkung. Die höchste Konzentration (2500 ppm) verlängerte die Entwicklung von S. litura um 21,06 Tage im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Aufgrund der toxischen Wirkung von I. racemosa entstanden signifikant weniger erwachsene Tiere bei Konzentrationen zwischen 1500–2500 ppm. Subletale Effekte des Extrakts manifestierten sich auch als morphologische Deformationen bei Larven und Puppen von S. litura. Ernährungsassay-Studien zeigten eine Verringerung des Wachstums und der Verzehrrate sowie eine Verringerung der Verwendung von aufgenommenen und verdauten Lebensmitteln, wenn Pflanzenextrakt an Larven verfüttert wurde. Dies deutet auf fraßhemmende und toxische Aktivitäten hin. Der Hexanextrakt von I. racemosa hat einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die relative Stoffwechselrate, was zu höheren Stoffwechselkosten für S. litura führt.

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The financial assistance received from Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India under Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (PURSE) scheme has been duly acknowledged.

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  1. Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of Zoology, 143005, Amritsar, Punjab, India

    Mandeep Kaur & Sanehdeep Kaur

  2. Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India

    Isha Saraf, Rakesh Kumar & Inder Pal Singh

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  1. Mandeep Kaur
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  2. Isha Saraf
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  4. Inder Pal Singh
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Correspondence to Sanehdeep Kaur.

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M. Kaur, I. Saraf, R. Kumar, I.P. Singh and S. Kaur declare that they have no competing interests.

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Kaur, M., Saraf, I., Kumar, R. et al. Bioefficacy of Hexane Extract of Inula racemosa (Asteraceae) Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Gesunde Pflanzen 71, 165–174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00462-w

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