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Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

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Abstract

In ice hockey, concussions can occur as a result of many different types of impact events, however hockey helmets are certified using a single injury scenario, involving drop tests to a rigid surface. The purpose of this study is to measure the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for different impact events in ice hockey. A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III headform were impacted simulating falls, elbow, shoulder and puck impacts in ice hockey. Linear and rotational acceleration and maximum principal strain (MPS) were measured. A comparison of helmeted and unhelmeted impacts found significant differences existed in most conditions (p < 0.05), however some shoulder and puck impacts showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Impacts to the ice hockey helmet tested resulted in acceleration levels below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s, elbow collisions, and low velocity puck impacts but not for shoulder collisions or high velocity puck impacts and falls. The helmet tested reduced MPS below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s but not for the other impact events across all velocities and locations. This suggests that the ice hockey helmet tested is unable to reduce engineering parameters below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for impact conditions which do not represent a drop against a rigid surface.

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Conflict of interest

The University of Ottawa holds research agreements for testing and development of ice hockey helmets with the helmet manufacturer who supplied the helmets for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    J. Michio Clark & Michael D. Gilchrist

  2. School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Ave., Room A106, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

    J. Michio Clark, Andrew Post, T. Blaine Hoshizaki & Michael D. Gilchrist

  3. Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada

    Andrew Post

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Associate Editor Stefan M. Duma oversaw the review of this article.

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Clark, J.M., Post, A., Hoshizaki, T.B. et al. Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events. Ann Biomed Eng 44, 3693–3704 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1686-3

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