Abstract
Insurance coverage for mental health services has historically lagged behind other types of health services. We used a simulation exercise in which groups of laypersons deliberate about healthcare tradeoffs. Groups deciding for their “community” were more likely to select mental health coverage than individuals. Individual prioritization of mental health coverage, however, increased after group discussion. Participants discussed: value, cost and perceived need for mental health coverage, moral hazard and community benefit. A deliberative exercise in priority-setting led a significant proportion of persons to reconsider decisions about coverage for mental health services. Deliberations illustrated public-spiritedness, stigma and significant polarity of views.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
Aggarwal, N. K., Rowe, M., & Sernyak, M. A. (2010). Is health care a right or a commodity? Implementing mental health reform in a recession. Psychiatric Services, 61, 1144–1145.
Bartels, L. (1996). Uninformed votes: Information effects in presidential elections. American Journal of Political Science, 40, 194–230.
Booske, B. C., Sainfort, F., & Hundt, A. S. (1999). Eliciting consumer preferences for health plans. Health Services Research, 34, 839–854.
Borinstein, A. B. (1992). Public attitudes toward persons with mental illness. Health Affairs, 11, 186–196.
Corrigan, P. W., Edwards, A. B., Green, A., Diwan, S. L., & Penn, D. L. (2001a). Prejudice, social distance, and familiarity with mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, 219–225.
Corrigan, P. W., Green, A., Lundin, R., Kubiak, M. A., & Penn, D. L. (2001b). Familiarity with and social distance from people who have serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 52, 953–958.
Corrigan, P. W., Markowitz, F. E., & Watson, A. C. (2004a). Structural levels of mental illness stigma and discrimination. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30, 481–491.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2003). Factors that explain how policy makers distribute resources to mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 54, 501–507.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2004). At issue: Stop the stigma: Call mental illness a brain disease. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30, 477–479.
Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., Warpinski, A. C., & Gracia, G. (2004b). Stigmatizing attitudes about mental illness and allocation of resources to mental health services. Community Mental Health Journal, 40, 297–307.
Daniels, N., & Sabin, J. (1998). The ethics of accountability in managed care reform. Health Affairs (Millwood), 17, 50–64.
Danis, M., Biddle, A. K., & Dorr, G. S. (2002). Insurance benefit preferences of the low-income uninsured. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17, 125–133.
Danis, M., Biddle, A. K., & Goold, S. D. (2004). Enrollees choose priorities for medicare. Gerontologist, 44, 58–67.
Danis, M., Goold, S. D., Parise, C., & Ginsburg, M. (2007). Enhancing employee capacity to prioritize health insurance benefits. Health Expect, 10, 236–247.
Dixon, K. (2009). Implementing mental health parity: The challenge for health plans. Health Affairs, 28, 663–665.
DYG Inc (1989). National telephone survey of 1,346 adults conducted for the Robert Wood Johnson Program on Chronic Mental Illness, Dec 1–11, 1989.
Fleck, L. M. (1992). Just health care rationing: A democratic decisionmaking approach. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 140, 1597–1636.
Fowler, F. J, Jr., Berwick, D. M., Roman, A., & Massagli, M. P. (1994). Measuring public priorities for insurable health care. Medical Care, 32, 625–639.
Gallup Organization. (1994). National telephone survey of 1,001 adults conducted for Cable News Network and USA Today.
Garfield, R. L., Lave, J. R., & Donohue, J. M. (2010). Health reform and the scope of benefits for mental health and substance use disorder services. Psychiatric Services, 61, 1081–1086.
Garfield, R. L., Zuvekas, S. H., Lave, J. R., & Donohue, J. M. (2011). The impact of national health care reform on adults with severe mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry (in press).
Giacomini, M. K., Cook, D. J., Streiner, D. L., & Anand, S. S. (2000). Using practice guidelines to allocate medical technologies. An ethics framework. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 16, 987–1002.
Glied, S. A., & Frank, R. G. (2009). Better but not best: Recent trends in the well-being of the mentally ill. Health Affairs, 28, 637–648.
Goold, S. D., Biddle, A. K., Klipp, G., Hall, C. N., & Danis, M. (2005). Choosing healthplans all together: A deliberative exercise for allocating limited health care resources. Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 30, 563–601.
Goold, S. D., Green, S. A., Biddle, A. K., Benavides, E., & Danis, M. (2004). Will insured citizens give up benefit coverage to include the uninsured? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 868–874.
Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (2011). Deliberating about bioethics. The Hastings Center Report, 27, 38–41.
Gyrd-Hansen, D., Kristiansen, I. S., Nexoe, J., & Nielsen, J. B. (2002). Effects of baseline risk information on social and individual choices. Medicine Decision Making, 22, 71–75.
Halpert, H. P. (1969). Public acceptance of the mentally ill: An exploration of attitudes. Public Health Reports, 84, 59–64.
Hanson, K. W. (1998). Public opinion and the mental health parity debate: Lessons from the survey literature. Psychiatric Services, 49, 1059–1066.
Hinshaw, S. P., & Stier, A. (2008). Stigma as related to mental disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 367–393.
Institute for Policy Research, U. o. C. (1994). National telephone survey of 1,341 adults conducted for the Institute for Health Policy and Health Services, University of Cincinnati.
Jensen, G. A., & Morrisey, M. A. (1991). Employer-sponsored insurance coverage for alcohol and drug abuse treatment, 1988. Inquiry, 28, 393–402.
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.
Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. A. (1999). Public conceptions of mental illness: Labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1328–1333.
Los Angeles Times. (1994, April 22). National telephone survey of 1,682 adults. LA Times.
McSween, J. L. (2002). The role of group interest, identity, and stigma in determining mental health policy preferences. Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 27, 773–800.
Mechanic, D. (1996). Failure of health care reform in the USA. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 1, 4–9.
Merrick, E. L., Garnick, D. W., Horgan, C. M., Goldin, D., Hodgkin, D., & Sciegaj, M. (2001). Benefits in behavioral health carve-out plans of Fortune 500 firms. Psychiatric Services, 52, 943–948.
National Mental Health Association (2008). Four More States Adopt Mental Health Parity. Message is Treatment Improves Functioning, Insurance Discrimination Doesn’t. http://www1.nmha.org/newsroom/system/news.vw.cfm?do=vw&rid=42.
Ostrow, L., & Manderscheid, R. (2009). Medicare and mental health parity. Health Affairs, 28, 922.
Pescosolido, B. A., Martin, J. K., Long, J. S., Medina, T. R., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2010). “A disease like any other”? A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1321–1330.
Princeton Survey Research Associates. (1993). National Telephone Survey of 1,200 adults conducted for the Harvard School of Public Health and the Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation.
Rosenheck, R. A. (1999). Principles for priority setting in mental health services and their implications for the least well off. Psychiatric Services, 50, 653–658.
Rusch, N., Todd, A. R., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). Biogenetic models of psychopathology, implicit guilt, and mental illness stigma. Psychiatry Research, 179, 328–332.
Shern, D. L., Beronio, K. K., & Harbin, H. T. (2009). After parity—what’s next. Health Affairs, 28, 660–662.
Trivedi, A. N., Swaminathan, S., & Mor, V. (2008). Insurance parity and the use of outpatient mental health care following a psychiatric hospitalization. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 2879–2885.
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 629–640.
Weiner, B., Perry, R. P., & Magnusson, J. (1988). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 738–748.
Zuvekas, S. H., & Meyerhoefer, C. D. (2009). State variations in the out-of-pocket spending burden for outpatient mental health treatment. Health Affairs, 28, 713–722.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Evans-Lacko, S.E., Baum, N., Danis, M. et al. Laypersons’ Choices and Deliberations for Mental Health Coverage. Adm Policy Ment Health 39, 158–169 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-011-0341-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-011-0341-4