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The regime of climate-related disturbance and nutrient enrichment modulate macroalgal invasions in rockpools

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Abstract

Patterns of invasion by the seaweeds Grateloupia turuturu Yamada and Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt under crossed combinations of the regime (mean intensity and temporal variability) of climate-related mechanical disturbance and constant nutrient enrichment were experimentally examined in rockpools in north Portugal. The cover of both species was larger under high compared to low intensity of disturbance, but this effect was enhanced by events more heterogeneously distributed over a period of 19 months. The invasion by G. turuturu was also larger in enriched pools, but only when disturbance was applied at high intensity. The richness of native taxa was increased by high intensity events of disturbance evenly distributed over time and by low intensity events heterogeneously distributed, while no differences were documented for other treatments. Temporal variability of disturbance and nutrients interactively affected the total cover of native taxa and the availability of bare rock in different directions. Enriched conditions increased the space occupancy by natives and reduced substratum availability only when associated to heterogeneous events of disturbance. At the same time, relatively more variable disturbances caused a reduced cover by native taxa and an increased availability of free space, but only under natural nutrient levels. Present findings contribute to understand the conditions that would be more likely to facilitate the spread of G. turuturu and S. muticum under current and predicted scenarios of compounded environmental changes and in relation to traits of recipient systems that are considered relevant for the success of invasions, including the native richness and the degree of usage of resources, i.e. primarily space.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the programme POFC-COMPETE, ‘Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), and the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the project “RAP—Responses to Anthropogenic Perturbations: climatic and nutrient effects on rock pool assemblages” (PTDC/MAR/111223/2009) and national funds (PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011). I. Bertocci was supported by FCT within Programa Ciência 2008—Fundo Social Europeu. E. Cacabelos, G. Carvalho, J. Franco and A. Plicanti assisted with field work. The manuscript benefited from valuable comments by José L. Espinar and an anonymous reviewer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal

    Iacopo Bertocci, J. Domínguez Godino, C. Freitas, M. Incera, R. Araújo, A. Bio, F. Arenas, I. Sousa-Pinto, P. A. Reis & R. Domínguez

  2. Centro Tecnológico del Mar, Fundación CETMAR, C/Eduardo Cabello s/n, 36208, Bouzas, Vigo, Spain

    M. Incera

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    I. Sousa-Pinto

Authors
  1. Iacopo Bertocci
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  2. J. Domínguez Godino
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  3. C. Freitas
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  4. M. Incera
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  5. R. Araújo
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  6. A. Bio
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  7. F. Arenas
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  8. I. Sousa-Pinto
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  9. P. A. Reis
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  10. R. Domínguez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iacopo Bertocci.

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Bertocci, I., Domínguez Godino, J., Freitas, C. et al. The regime of climate-related disturbance and nutrient enrichment modulate macroalgal invasions in rockpools. Biol Invasions 17, 133–147 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0711-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0711-4

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